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Nehemiah

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Nehemiah 13

1On that day they read in the book of Moses in the audience of the people; and therein was found written, that an Ammonite and a Moabite should not enter into the assembly of God for ever,

1On that day they read in the book of Moses in the audience of the people; and therein was found written, that the Ammonite and the Moabite should not come into the congregation of God for ever;

Commentary · verse 1

The Law was read to an audience of people. Remember, Sanballat (Moabite) and Tobias (Ammonite) were adversaries to Nehemiah.

2because they met not the children of Israel with bread and with water, but hired Balaam against them, to curse them: howbeit our God turned the curse into a blessing.

3And it came to pass, when they had heard the law, that they separated from Israel all the mixed multitude.

4Now before this, Eliashib the priest, who was appointed over the chambers of the house of our God, being allied unto Tobiah,

2Because they met not the children of Israel with bread and with water, but hired Balaam against them, that he should curse them: howbeit our God turned the curse into a blessing.

3Now it came to pass, when they had heard the law, that they separated from Israel all the mixed multitude.

4And before this, Eliashib the priest, having the oversight of the chamber of the house of our God, was allied unto Tobiah:

Commentary · verses 2-4

Eliashib the high priest made an alliance with Tobiah, who was against Israel.

5had prepared for him a great chamber, where aforetime they laid the meal-offerings, the frankincense, and the vessels, and the tithes of the grain, the new wine, and the oil, which were given by commandment to the Levites, and the singers, and the porters; and the heave-offerings for the priests.

6But in all this time I was not at Jerusalem; for in the two and thirtieth year of Artaxerxes king of Babylon I went unto the king: and after certain days asked I leave of the king,

5And he had prepared for him a great chamber, where aforetime they laid the meat offerings, the frankincense, and the vessels, and the tithes of the corn, the new wine, and the oil, which was commanded to be given to the Levites, and the singers, and the porters; and the offerings of the priests.

6But in all this time was not I at Jerusalem: for in the two and thirtieth year of Artaxerxes king of Babylon came I unto the king, and after certain days obtained I leave of the king:

Commentary · verses 5-6

Nehemiah was not in Jerusalem during Eliashib and Tobiah's alliance. Eliashib was Jeshua's grandson. Tobiah was Eliashib's son-in-law. Notice, the narrative returned to the first person, specifically Nehemiah's words.

7and I came to Jerusalem, and understood the evil that Eliashib had done for Tobiah, in preparing him a chamber in the courts of the house of God.

8And it grieved me sore: therefore I cast forth all the household stuff of Tobiah out of the chamber.

7And I came to Jerusalem, and understood of the evil that Eliashib did for Tobiah, in preparing him a chamber in the courts of the house of God.

8And it grieved me sore: therefore I cast forth all the household stuff of Tobiah out of the chamber.

Commentary · verses 7-8

This was Nehemiah's second trip to Jerusalem. When Nehemiah found out, it grieved him so much that he threw Tobiah's things out of the chamber and into the courts of the temple. What followed were Nehemiah's reforms. Notice, he still had a position of authority even though he had returned to Persia after his governorship.

9Then I commanded, and they cleansed the chambers: and thither brought I again the vessels of the house of God, with the meal-offerings and the frankincense.

9Then I commanded, and they cleansed the chambers: and thither brought I again the vessels of the house of God, with the meat offering and the frankincense.

Commentary · verses 10-14

Verses 10-14: reforms specific to finances.

10And I perceived that the portions of the Levites had not been given them; so that the Levites and the singers, that did the work, were fled every one to his field.

11Then contended I with the rulers, and said, Why is the house of God forsaken? And I gathered them together, and set them in their place.

12Then brought all Judah the tithe of the grain and the new wine and the oil unto the treasuries.

13And I made treasurers over the treasuries, Shelemiah the priest, and Zadok the scribe, and of the Levites, Pedaiah: and next to them was Hanan the son of Zaccur, the son of Mattaniah; for they were counted faithful, and their business was to distribute unto their brethren.

14Remember me, O my God, concerning this, and wipe not out my good deeds that I have done for the house of my God, and for the observances thereof.

10And I perceived that the portions of the Levites had not been given them: for the Levites and the singers, that did the work, were fled every one to his field.

11Then contended I with the rulers, and said, Why is the house of God forsaken? And I gathered them together, and set them in their place.

12Then brought all Judah the tithe of the corn and the new wine and the oil unto the treasuries.

13And I made treasurers over the treasuries, Shelemiah the priest, and Zadok the scribe, and of the Levites, Pedaiah: and next to them was Hanan the son of Zaccur, the son of Mattaniah: for they were counted faithful, and their office was to distribute unto their brethren.

14Remember me, O my God, concerning this, and wipe not out my good deeds that I have done for the house of my God, and for the offices thereof.

Commentary · verses 15-22

Verses 15-22: reforms specific to honoring God as a priority.

15In those days saw I in Judah some men treading winepresses on the sabbath, and bringing in sheaves, and lading asses therewith; as also wine, grapes, and figs, and all manner of burdens, which they brought into Jerusalem on the sabbath day: and I testified against them in the day wherein they sold victuals.

16There dwelt men of Tyre also therein, who brought in fish, and all manner of wares, and sold on the sabbath unto the children of Judah, and in Jerusalem.

17Then I contended with the nobles of Judah, and said unto them, What evil thing is this that ye do, and profane the sabbath day?

15In those days saw I in Judah some treading wine presses on the sabbath, and bringing in sheaves, and lading asses; as also wine, grapes, and figs, and all manner of burdens, which they brought into Jerusalem on the sabbath day: and I testified against them in the day wherein they sold victuals.

16There dwelt men of Tyre also therein, which brought fish, and all manner of ware, and sold on the sabbath unto the children of Judah, and in Jerusalem.

17Then I contended with the nobles of Judah, and said unto them, What evil thing is this that ye do, and profane the sabbath day?

Commentary · verse 17

The Sabbath had been violated by foreigners doing business with the Jews.

Doctrines on this passage

18Did not your fathers thus, and did not our God bring all this evil upon us, and upon this city? yet ye bring more wrath upon Israel by profaning the sabbath.

18Did not your fathers thus, and did not our God bring all this evil upon us, and upon this city? yet ye bring more wrath upon Israel by profaning the sabbath.

Commentary · verse 18

Nehemiah wanted to know why the people were bringing wrath on Israel as their fathers did.

19And it came to pass that, when the gates of Jerusalem began to be dark before the sabbath, I commanded that the doors should be shut, and commanded that they should not be opened till after the sabbath: and some of my servants set I over the gates, that there should no burden be brought in on the sabbath day.

20So the merchants and sellers of all kind of wares lodged without Jerusalem once or twice.

19And it came to pass, that when the gates of Jerusalem began to be dark before the sabbath, I commanded that the gates should be shut, and charged that they should not be opened till after the sabbath: and some of my servants set I at the gates, that there should no burden be brought in on the sabbath day.

20So the merchants and sellers of all kind of ware lodged without Jerusalem once or twice.

Commentary · verse 20

Nehemiah commanded that the gates be shut during the Sabbath and assigned this duty to some of his servants. It happened that once or twice the gates were shut while businessmen were outside the gate that they had to spend the night "camping."

21Then I testified against them, and said unto them, Why lodge ye about the wall? if ye do so again, I will lay hands on you. From that time forth came they no more on the sabbath.

21Then I testified against them, and said unto them, Why lodge ye about the wall? if ye do so again, I will lay hands on you. From that time forth came they no more on the sabbath.

Commentary · verse 21

Nehemiah threatened to arrest those who violated his reforms.

22And I commanded the Levites that they should purify themselves, and that they should come and keep the gates, to sanctify the sabbath day. Remember unto me, O my God, this also, and spare me according to the greatness of thy lovingkindness.

22And I commanded the Levites that they should cleanse themselves, and that they should come and keep the gates, to sanctify the sabbath day. Remember me, O my God, concerning this also, and spare me according to the greatness of thy mercy.

Commentary · verse 22

Nehemiah then gave the job of keeping the gates to the Levites.

Commentary · verses 23-31

Verses 23-31: reforms specific to relationships/marriage.

23In those days also saw I the Jews that had married women of Ashdod, of Ammon, and of Moab:

23In those days also saw I Jews that had married wives of Ashdod, of Ammon, and of Moab:

Commentary · verse 23

Nehemiah also saw the Jews married to foreign women. This seemed to be a reoccurring theme following Israel's captivity.

24and their children spake half in the speech of Ashdod, and could not speak in the Jews’ language, but according to the language of each people.

25And I contended with them, and cursed them, and smote certain of them, and plucked off their hair, and made them swear by God, saying, Ye shall not give your daughters unto their sons, nor take their daughters for your sons, or for yourselves.

26Did not Solomon king of Israel sin by these things? yet among many nations was there no king like him, and he was beloved of his God, and God made him king over all Israel: nevertheless even him did foreign women cause to sin.

24And their children spake half in the speech of Ashdod, and could not speak in the Jews’ language, but according to the language of each people.

25And I contended with them, and cursed them, and smote certain of them, and plucked off their hair, and made them swear by God, saying, Ye shall not give your daughters unto their sons, nor take their daughters unto your sons, or for yourselves.

26Did not Solomon king of Israel sin by these things? yet among many nations was there no king like him, who was beloved of his God, and God made him king over all Israel: nevertheless even him did outlandish women cause to sin.

Commentary · verse 26

Solomon, who was loved of God, still allowed foreign women to cause him to sin.

27Shall we then hearken unto you to do all this great evil, to trespass against our God in marrying foreign women?

28And one of the sons of Joiada, the son of Eliashib the high priest, was son-in-law to Sanballat the Horonite: therefore I chased him from me.

29Remember them, O my God, because they have defiled the priesthood, and the covenant of the priesthood, and of the Levites.

27Shall we then hearken unto you to do all this great evil, to transgress against our God in marrying strange wives?

28And one of the sons of Joiada, the son of Eliashib the high priest, was son in law to Sanballat the Horonite: therefore I chased him from me.

29Remember them, O my God, because they have defiled the priesthood, and the covenant of the priesthood, and of the Levites.

Commentary · verse 29

Even the priests were guilty of intermarriage.

30Thus cleansed I them from all foreigners, and appointed charges for the priests and for the Levites, every one in his work; 31and for the wood-offering, at times appointed, and for the first-fruits. Remember me, O my God, for good.

30Thus cleansed I them from all strangers, and appointed the wards of the priests and the Levites, every one in his business;

31And for the wood offering, at times appointed, and for the firstfruits. Remember me, O my God, for good.

Commentary · verse 31

This book and the Book of Lamentations were the only two books of the Bible that finished with a prayer.

The Book of Nehemiah was the eleventh of the twelve books that made up the historical section of the Old Testament. The Book of Nehemiah documented Nehemiah's role in the building of the wall and the cleansing of the temple. Not only was Nehemiah an excellent project manager, he was a man of prayer who consistently and immediately resolved every conflict that hindered his ability to complete God's work. Clearly, The Book of Nehemiah documented events that occurred around seventy years after the events documented in the Book of Ezra. Next, we will look at the last of the twelve books that made up the historical section of the Old Testament. This final book documented events that actually occurred before the books of Ezra and Nehemiah.

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