Matthew
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Matthew 12
Matthew 12
1At that season Jesus went on the sabbath day through the grainfields; and his disciples were hungry and began to pluck ears and to eat.
2But the Pharisees, when they saw it, said unto him, Behold, thy disciples do that which it is not lawful to do upon the sabbath.
1At that time Jesus went on the sabbath day through the corn; and his disciples were an hungred, and began to pluck the ears of corn, and to eat.
2But when the Pharisees saw it, they said unto him, Behold, thy disciples do that which is not lawful to do upon the sabbath day.
Commentary · verses 1-2
3But he said unto them, Have ye not read what David did, when he was hungry, and they that were with him; 4how he entered into the house of God, and ate the showbread, which it was not lawful for him to eat, neither for them that were with him, but only for the priests?
5Or have ye not read in the law, that on the sabbath day the priests in the temple profane the sabbath, and are guiltless?
3But he said unto them, Have ye not read what David did, when he was an hungred, and they that were with him;
4How he entered into the house of God, and did eat the shewbread, which was not lawful for him to eat, neither for them which were with him, but only for the priests?
5Or have ye not read in the law, how that on the sabbath days the priests in the temple profane the sabbath, and are blameless?
Commentary · verses 3-5
Jesus asked them if they had read about David and how he and his men ate the priests' showbread (1 Samuel 21) and how the priests themselves "profane the Sabbath" and are guiltless. Jesus made two points:
- First, David did something worse than these Disciples and the Pharisees not only did not declare David a sinner, they glorified David.
- Second, if the definition of "rest" on the Sabbath was to do no work, then the priests would profane the Sabbath.
Actually, the Law stated that for six days people can be the first cause (direct their own actions) as long as they did not break the Law. On the seventh day, they had to rest: cease from their occupation of being a first cause. The people could only do what the Law told them to do. The priests were told to be about God's business, so they were "working" but they were "resting" because they allowed God to direct their actions. So, the Pharisees of Jesus' time did not have the correct Doctrine concerning the Sabbath or what God meant by the term "rest." Do Christians, especially leaders, understand this today?
6But I say unto you, that one greater than the temple is here.
6But I say unto you, That in this place is one greater than the temple.
Commentary · verse 6
Jesus was saying that He was directing the Disciples' actions, so the Disciples were also "resting" and working, because Jesus was the Son of God. Verse 6 was Jesus indirectly stating He was the Son of God.
7But if ye had known what this meaneth, I desire mercy, and not sacrifice, ye would not have condemned the guiltless.
8For the Son of man is lord of the sabbath.
7But if ye had known what this meaneth, I will have mercy, and not sacrifice, ye would not have condemned the guiltless.
8For the Son of man is Lord even of the sabbath day.
Commentary · verses 7-8
The Sabbath was for God to direct our actions. This meant the cause behind these actions on the Sabbath were what ought to be the focus. WHY David and Jesus' Disciples collected food on the Sabbath was what mattered.
Doctrines on this passage
9And he departed thence, and went into their synagogue: 10and behold, a man having a withered hand. And they asked him, saying, Is it lawful to heal on the sabbath day? that they might accuse him.
9And when he was departed thence, he went into their synagogue:
10And, behold, there was a man which had his hand withered. And they asked him, saying, Is it lawful to heal on the sabbath days? that they might accuse him.
Commentary · verses 9-10
The Pharisees were attempting to accuse Jesus so they asked Him if healing was lawful on the Sabbath. Notice, the reason why the Pharisees were trying to trap Jesus was Jesus taught them correctly about the Sabbath. This response showed Jesus' explanation was correct and the Pharisees' pride was hurt.
11And he said unto them, What man shall there be of you, that shall have one sheep, and if this fall into a pit on the sabbath day, will he not lay hold on it, and lift it out?
12How much then is a man of more value than a sheep! Wherefore it is lawful to do good on the sabbath day.
11And he said unto them, What man shall there be among you, that shall have one sheep, and if it fall into a pit on the sabbath day, will he not lay hold on it, and lift it out?
12How much then is a man better than a sheep? Wherefore it is lawful to do well on the sabbath days.
Commentary · verses 11-12
Jesus' answer went back to the cause. It was lawful to "do good" on the Sabbath day. God would direct us to do good because God alone is good.
13Then saith he to the man, Stretch forth thy hand. And he stretched it forth; and it was restored whole, as the other.
13Then saith he to the man, Stretch forth thine hand. And he stretched it forth; and it was restored whole, like as the other.
Commentary · verse 13
Immediately after this Jesus healed a man by making a statement where the object of the healing was the subject of the statement.
14But the Pharisees went out, and took counsel against him, how they might destroy him.
14Then the Pharisees went out, and held a council against him, how they might destroy him.
Commentary · verse 14
The Pharisees were counseling together as to how to destroy Jesus because Jesus had done good. First they tried to trap Jesus because He taught them. Then they tried to destroy Jesus because He did good.
15And Jesus perceiving it withdrew from thence: and many followed him; and he healed them all,
15But when Jesus knew it, he withdrew himself from thence: and great multitudes followed him, and he healed them all;
Commentary · verse 15
Jesus realized His interactions with the Pharisees were making the Pharisees worse, so He withdrew from them. Great multitudes continued to follow Jesus and He continued to heal them all.
16and charged them that they should not make him known: 17that it might be fulfilled which was spoken through Isaiah the prophet, saying, 18Behold, my servant whom I have chosen; My beloved in whom my soul is well pleased: I will put my Spirit upon him, And he shall declare judgment to the Gentiles.
19He shall not strive, nor cry aloud; Neither shall any one hear his voice in the streets.
20A bruised reed shall he not break, And smoking flax shall he not quench, Till he send forth judgment unto victory.
16And charged them that they should not make him known:
17That it might be fulfilled which was spoken by Esaias the prophet, saying,
18Behold my servant, whom I have chosen; my beloved, in whom my soul is well pleased: I will put my spirit upon him, and he shall shew judgment to the Gentiles.
19He shall not strive, nor cry; neither shall any man hear his voice in the streets.
20A bruised reed shall he not break, and smoking flax shall he not quench, till he send forth judgment unto victory.
Commentary · verses 16-20
This was from Isaiah 42:1-3.
21And in his name shall the Gentiles hope.
21And in his name shall the Gentiles trust.
Commentary · verse 21
Gentiles will trust Christ.
22Then was brought unto him one possessed with a demon, blind and dumb: and he healed him, insomuch that the dumb man spake and saw.
23And all the multitudes were amazed, and said, Can this be the son of David?
24But when the Pharisees heard it, they said, This man doth not cast out demons, but by Beelzebub the prince of the demons.
22Then was brought unto him one possessed with a devil, blind, and dumb: and he healed him, insomuch that the blind and dumb both spake and saw.
23And all the people were amazed, and said, Is not this the son of David?
24But when the Pharisees heard it, they said, This fellow doth not cast out devils, but by Beelzebub the prince of the devils.
Commentary · verses 22-24
The multitudes were wondering if Jesus was the Messiah (son of David). Notice, the Pharisees were not present, they heard about it. When the Pharisees heard, they accused Jesus of casting out devils by the power of Beelzebub.
25And knowing their thoughts he said unto them, Every kingdom divided against itself is brought to desolation; and every city or house divided against itself shall not stand: 26and if Satan casteth out Satan, he is divided against himself; how then shall his kingdom stand?
25And Jesus knew their thoughts, and said unto them, Every kingdom divided against itself is brought to desolation; and every city or house divided against itself shall not stand:
26And if Satan cast out Satan, he is divided against himself; how shall then his kingdom stand?
Commentary · verses 25-26
Christ used the principle of non-contradiction to show the Pharisees that what they were accusing Him of was Satan casting out Satan which would make Satan's kingdom fall.
27And if I by Beelzebub cast out demons, by whom do your sons cast them out? therefore shall they be your judges.
27And if I by Beelzebub cast out devils, by whom do your children cast them out? therefore they shall be your judges.
Commentary · verse 27
Jesus then asked what was the reason His casting demons out would be by Beelzebub, but their casting out would be by a different method.
28But if I by the Spirit of God cast out demons, then is the kingdom of God come upon you.
28But if I cast out devils by the Spirit of God, then the kingdom of God is come unto you.
Commentary · verse 28
Jesus posed this option as an if/then: if Jesus cast out the demons by the Holy Spirit, then the kingdom of God was present through Jesus, making Him the Son of God.
29Or how can one enter into the house of the strong man, and spoil his goods, except he first bind the strong man? and then he will spoil his house.
30He that is not with me is against me; and he that gathereth not with me scattereth.
29Or else how can one enter into a strong man’s house, and spoil his goods, except he first bind the strong man? and then he will spoil his house.
30He that is not with me is against me; and he that gathereth not with me scattereth abroad.
Commentary · verses 29-30
Those who are not with Jesus are against Jesus.
31Therefore I say unto you, Every sin and blasphemy shall be forgiven unto men; but the blasphemy against the Spirit shall not be forgiven.
32And whosoever shall speak a word against the Son of man, it shall be forgiven him; but whosoever shall speak against the Holy Spirit, it shall not be forgiven him, neither in this world, nor in that which is to come.
31Wherefore I say unto you, All manner of sin and blasphemy shall be forgiven unto men: but the blasphemy against the Holy Ghost shall not be forgiven unto men.
32And whosoever speaketh a word against the Son of man, it shall be forgiven him: but whosoever speaketh against the Holy Ghost, it shall not be forgiven him, neither in this world, neither in the world to come.
Commentary · verses 31-32
Blasphemy ("speak against") against the Holy Spirit is not to be forgiven. The context here explained this as intentionally attributing a work of the Holy Spirit to Satan or his demons. The example in this verse was Jesus casting demons out by the Holy Spirit being attributed to the enemy. Also, the word for "speak" when it referred to the Holy Spirit was eipon/epo which referred to "rhema": the revelatory spoken word without cause. If a person spoke a word out of "understanding" (lego) then it was an error and didn't apply. However, if a person spoke a word that was of themselves without cause (reason/understanding), then it was divination because the person themselves was attempting to be the source, and if it was wrong and blasphemed the Holy Spirit then it was unforgivable. People who can't give a reason (a WHY) for what they speak are attempting to be the source and when it is wrong this is divination.
Doctrines on this passage
33Either make the tree good, and its fruit good; or make the tree corrupt, and its fruit corrupt: for the tree is known by its fruit.
33Either make the tree good, and his fruit good; or else make the tree corrupt, and his fruit corrupt: for the tree is known by his fruit.
Commentary · verse 33
Causality: "The tree (cause) is known by its fruit (effect)." Throughout this chapter, Jesus demonstrated the Pharisees were contradictory. In this verse, Jesus wanted the Pharisees to state their will and stop being contradictory.
34Ye offspring of vipers, how can ye, being evil, speak good things? for out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaketh.
35The good man out of his good treasure bringeth forth good things: and the evil man out of his evil treasure bringeth forth evil things.
36And I say unto you, that every idle word that men shall speak, they shall give account thereof in the day of judgment.
37For by thy words thou shalt be justified, and by thy words thou shalt be condemned.
34O generation of vipers, how can ye, being evil, speak good things? for out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaketh.
35A good man out of the good treasure of the heart bringeth forth good things: and an evil man out of the evil treasure bringeth forth evil things.
36But I say unto you, That every idle word that men shall speak, they shall give account thereof in the day of judgment.
37For by thy words thou shalt be justified, and by thy words thou shalt be condemned.
Commentary · verses 34-37
We will be judged according to our works (including words) and will give an account of our lives in the day of judgment. The word "word" in verse 36 was rhema - "the revelatory and powerful word without precedent that brings salvation when it comes from God." Above, we saw when people speak words without precedent, they are attempting to be the source, to be God. Everyone will have to give an account of the words they speak that do not have a precedent. Again, this was the same application in verse 32 relative to speaking a word against the Holy Spirit. For verse 37, if someone speaks a wrong word based on understanding, this was logos. For example, teaching about the Holy Spirit incorrectly because you have interpreted a Bible passage wrong is not rhema. The source was the Bible and you would have erred in your understanding. However, teaching something wrong about the Holy Spirit based not on the Bible, but on something you believe is rhema. This wrong doing will have to be paid for in the day of judgment, unless the person responded to the conviction of the Holy Spirit and confessed and repented. Jesus' point here was the Pharisees were not confessing and repenting so they would have to pay for this in the day of judgment.
38Then certain of the scribes and Pharisees answered him, saying, Teacher, we would see a sign from thee.
38Then certain of the scribes and of the Pharisees answered, saying, Master, we would see a sign from thee.
Commentary · verse 38
Notice, we have seen several examples in the Book of Matthew where people first had faith, then they saw a miracle. Faith believes in something you cannot see either because it is invisible or has not happened yet. The Pharisees wanted to first see a sign so they could then have faith. This was the opposite of faith. Faith is the cause and miracles are the effect.
39But he answered and said unto them, An evil and adulterous generation seeketh after a sign; and there shall no sign be given to it but the sign of Jonah the prophet: 40for as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the whale; so shall the Son of man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth.
39But he answered and said unto them, An evil and adulterous generation seeketh after a sign; and there shall no sign be given to it, but the sign of the prophet Jonas:
40For as Jonas was three days and three nights in the whale’s belly; so shall the Son of man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth.
Commentary · verses 39-40
Jesus stated "evil and adulterous" people seek after a sign, after effects. These people were looking for a sign as a cause. Throughout Jesus' time on earth, the miracles He did were in response (as an effect) of a need that was presented to Him and not as a cause. Jesus did not initiate "healing services" or "spiritual warfare services" or "miracle services." He responded to needs. Jesus said the only sign these people would get, the only sign that did not require people to have faith in order to see, would be Jesus' death.
41The men of Nineveh shall stand up in the judgment with this generation, and shall condemn it: for they repented at the preaching of Jonah; and behold, a greater than Jonah is here.
41The men of Nineveh shall rise in judgment with this generation, and shall condemn it: because they repented at the preaching of Jonas; and, behold, a greater than Jonas is here.
Commentary · verse 41
Jesus tied together the sign that did require faith to Jonah's experience, and then used that to talk about how the city of Nineveh had repented and would be able to judge Jesus' current generation. This also was a continuation of the theme from Matthew 11:20-24 concerning cities being judged.
Doctrines on this passage
42The queen of the south shall rise up in the judgment with this generation, and shall condemn it: for she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and behold, a greater than Solomon is here.
42The queen of the south shall rise up in the judgment with this generation, and shall condemn it: for she came from the uttermost parts of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and, behold, a greater than Solomon is here.
Commentary · verse 42
The theme continued. "The queen of the south" was the "Queen of Sheba" from 1 Kings 10.
43But the unclean spirit, when he is gone out of the man, passeth through waterless places, seeking rest, and findeth it not.
43When the unclean spirit is gone out of a man, he walketh through dry places, seeking rest, and findeth none.
Commentary · verse 43
The unclean spirit walks around passing through waterless places (remember the demons in the swine from Matthew 8:31?) and seeking rest, not having to be a first cause.
44Then he saith, I will return into my house whence I came out; and when he is come, he findeth it empty, swept, and garnished.
45Then goeth he, and taketh with himself seven other spirits more evil than himself, and they enter in and dwell there: and the last state of that man becometh worse than the first. Even so shall it be also unto this evil generation.
44Then he saith, I will return into my house from whence I came out; and when he is come, he findeth it empty, swept, and garnished.
45Then goeth he, and taketh with himself seven other spirits more wicked than himself, and they enter in and dwell there: and the last state of that man is worse than the first. Even so shall it be also unto this wicked generation.
Commentary · verses 44-45
If repair did not happen, this man ended up seven times worse off than before the unclean spirit was cast out. Jesus was telling the Pharisees they were seven times worse off since the beginning of His interactions with Him.
46While he was yet speaking to the multitudes, behold, his mother and his brethren stood without, seeking to speak to him.
47And one said unto him, Behold, thy mother and thy brethren stand without, seeking to speak to thee.
48But he answered and said unto him that told him, Who is my mother? and who are my brethren?
49And he stretched forth his hand towards his disciples, and said, Behold, my mother and my brethren!
50For whosoever shall do the will of my Father who is in heaven, he is my brother, and sister, and mother.
46While he yet talked to the people, behold, his mother and his brethren stood without, desiring to speak with him.
47Then one said unto him, Behold, thy mother and thy brethren stand without, desiring to speak with thee.
48But he answered and said unto him that told him, Who is my mother? and who are my brethren?
49And he stretched forth his hand toward his disciples, and said, Behold my mother and my brethren!
50For whosoever shall do the will of my Father which is in heaven, the same is my brother, and sister, and mother.
Commentary · verses 46-50
Whoever does the Will of God is Jesus' brother, sister, and mother. Jesus just gave His definition for family. What's yours?
Commentary · verse 50
Matthew 10-12 covered the growth in Jesus' fame and that the Pharisees grew worse during each interaction with Jesus. If Jesus continued these interactions after having stated this, it would be Jesus' fault for the state of the Pharisees. Jesus needed to come up with a different way to interact with the Pharisees instead of directly through principles.
The Pharisees saw Jesus' Disciples plucking and eating corn on the Sabbath and they questioned Him regarding the Sabbath laws.