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John 19

1Then Pilate therefore took Jesus, and scourged him.

1Then Pilate therefore took Jesus, and scourged him.

Commentary · verse 1

Jesus was scourged. This was a brutal punishment that often times led to death before the crucifixion ever happened.

2And the soldiers platted a crown of thorns, and put it on his head, and arrayed him in a purple garment; 3and they came unto him, and said, Hail, King of the Jews! and they struck him with their hands.

2And the soldiers platted a crown of thorns, and put it on his head, and they put on him a purple robe,

3And said, Hail, King of the Jews! and they smote him with their hands.

Commentary · verses 2-3

Jesus was mocked. This was a great example of the HOW/WHY being more important than the WHAT. If the WHAT was more important, these men would have been doing the right thing by stating that Jesus was the King of the Jews. However, their HOW/WHY was to mock Him.

4And Pilate went out again, and saith unto them, Behold, I bring him out to you, that ye may know that I find no crime in him.

4Pilate therefore went forth again, and saith unto them, Behold, I bring him forth to you, that ye may know that I find no fault in him.

Commentary · verse 4

After Jesus was scourged, Pilate brought Jesus in front of the people again. Jesus must have looked like a completely different person after the massive physical destruction that He had just undergone. Again, Pilate was trying to avoid crucifying Jesus because he knew Jesus had not done anything wrong.

5Jesus therefore came out, wearing the crown of thorns and the purple garment. And Pilate saith unto them, Behold, the man!

6When therefore the chief priests and the officers saw him, they cried out, saying, Crucify him, crucify him! Pilate saith unto them, Take him yourselves, and crucify him: for I find no crime in him.

5Then came Jesus forth, wearing the crown of thorns, and the purple robe. And Pilate saith unto them, Behold the man!

6When the chief priests therefore and officers saw him, they cried out, saying, Crucify him, crucify him. Pilate saith unto them, Take ye him, and crucify him: for I find no fault in him.

Commentary · verses 5-6

The chief priests and officers cried out "Crucify Him..." and Pilate said for them to take Jesus and crucify Him because Pilate found no fault in Jesus. The chief priests and officers showed no compassion on Jesus, even in the physically mangled state He was in.

7The Jews answered him, We have a law, and by that law he ought to die, because he made himself the Son of God.

7The Jews answered him, We have a law, and by our law he ought to die, because he made himself the Son of God.

Commentary · verse 7

The Jews said that Jesus ought to die because He made Himself the Son of God. They were wrong, Jesus is the Son of God because His Nature is Right and Just, not because He made Himself the Son of God. However, despite Jesus never plainly stating "I am the Son of God," the people recognized Jesus' claim.

8When Pilate therefore heard this saying, he was the more afraid; 9and he entered into the Prætorium again, and saith unto Jesus, Whence art thou? But Jesus gave him no answer.

8When Pilate therefore heard that saying, he was the more afraid;

9And went again into the judgment hall, and saith unto Jesus, Whence art thou? But Jesus gave him no answer.

Commentary · verses 8-9

Pilate had been looking for a way to avoid the crucifixion even before he found out Jesus (indirectly) claimed to be the Son of God. Pilate directly asked Jesus His identity, but Jesus did not answer Pilate.

10Pilate therefore saith unto him, Speakest thou not unto me? knowest thou not that I have power to release thee, and have power to crucify thee?

11Jesus answered him, Thou wouldest have no power against me, except it were given thee from above: therefore he that delivered me unto thee hath greater sin.

12Upon this Pilate sought to release him: but the Jews cried out, saying, If thou release this man, thou art not Cæsar’s friend: every one that maketh himself a king speaketh against Cæsar.

10Then saith Pilate unto him, Speakest thou not unto me? knowest thou not that I have power to crucify thee, and have power to release thee?

11Jesus answered, Thou couldest have no power at all against me, except it were given thee from above: therefore he that delivered me unto thee hath the greater sin.

12And from thenceforth Pilate sought to release him: but the Jews cried out, saying, If thou let this man go, thou art not Cesar’s friend: whosoever maketh himself a king speaketh against Cesar.

Commentary · verses 10-12

Again, Pilate tried to avoid crucifying Jesus. However, the people appealed to Pilate's politics.

13When Pilate therefore heard these words, he brought Jesus out, and sat down on the judgment-seat at a place called The Pavement, but in Hebrew, Gabbatha.

14Now it was the Preparation of the passover: it was about the sixth hour. And he saith unto the Jews, Behold, your King!

15They therefore cried out, Away with him, away with him, crucify him! Pilate saith unto them, Shall I crucify your King? The chief priests answered, We have no king but Cæsar.

13When Pilate therefore heard that saying, he brought Jesus forth, and sat down in the judgment seat in a place that is called the Pavement, but in the Hebrew, Gabbatha.

14And it was the preparation of the passover, and about the sixth hour: and he saith unto the Jews, Behold your King!

15But they cried out, Away with him, away with him, crucify him. Pilate saith unto them, Shall I crucify your King? The chief priests answered, We have no king but Cesar.

Commentary · verses 13-15

The chief priests denied Jesus and claimed Caesar as their king. This was done during the preparation of the Passover, which would begin at sundown.

16Then therefore he delivered him unto them to be crucified.

17They took Jesus therefore: and he went out, bearing the cross for himself, unto the place called The place of a skull, which is called in Hebrew Golgotha: 18where they crucified him, and with him two others, on either side one, and Jesus in the midst.

19And Pilate wrote a title also, and put it on the cross. And there was written, JESUS OF NAZARETH, THE KING OF THE JEWS.

16Then delivered he him therefore unto them to be crucified. And they took Jesus, and led him away.

17And he bearing his cross went forth into a place called the place of a skull, which is called in the Hebrew Golgotha:

18Where they crucified him, and two other with him, on either side one, and Jesus in the midst.

19And Pilate wrote a title, and put it on the cross. And the writing was, JESUS OF NAZARETH THE KING OF THE JEWS.

Commentary · verses 16-19

Pilate wrote the title "JESUS OF NAZARETH, THE KING OF THE JEWS" on the cross.

20This title therefore read many of the Jews, for the place where Jesus was crucified was nigh to the city; and it was written in Hebrew, and in Latin, and in Greek.

20This title then read many of the Jews: for the place where Jesus was crucified was nigh to the city: and it was written in Hebrew, and Greek, and Latin.

Commentary · verse 20

The title was written in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin.

21The chief priests of the Jews therefore said to Pilate, Write not, The King of the Jews; but, that he said, I am King of the Jews.

22Pilate answered, What I have written I have written.

21Then said the chief priests of the Jews to Pilate, Write not, The King of the Jews; but that he said, I am King of the Jews.

22Pilate answered, What I have written I have written.

Commentary · verses 21-22

The chief priests wanted the sign to say that Jesus said He was the King of the Jews but Pilate said "What I have written I have written."

23The soldiers therefore, when they had crucified Jesus, took his garments and made four parts, to every soldier a part; and also the coat: now the coat was without seam, woven from the top throughout.

24They said therefore one to another, Let us not rend it, but cast lots for it, whose it shall be: that the scripture might be fulfilled, which saith, They parted my garments among them, And upon my vesture did they cast lots.

23Then the soldiers, when they had crucified Jesus, took his garments, and made four parts, to every soldier a part; and also his coat: now the coat was without seam, woven from the top throughout.

24They said therefore among themselves, Let us not rend it, but cast lots for it, whose it shall be: that the scripture might be fulfilled, which saith, They parted my raiment among them, and for my vesture they did cast lots. These things therefore the soldiers did.

Commentary · verses 23-24

John referenced Psalm 22:18. There was prophecy in the Psalms.

25These things therefore the soldiers did. But there were standing by the cross of Jesus his mother, and his mother’s sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene.

26When Jesus therefore saw his mother, and the disciple standing by whom he loved, he saith unto his mother, Woman, behold, thy son!

25Now there stood by the cross of Jesus his mother, and his mother’s sister, Mary the wife of Cleophas, and Mary Magdalene.

26When Jesus therefore saw his mother, and the disciple standing by, whom he loved, he saith unto his mother, Woman, behold thy son!

Commentary · verses 25-26

Jesus saw John (the Disciple whom He loved) and His mother and said "Woman, behold thy son!" John was approximately sixteen years old at this time.

27Then saith he to the disciple, Behold, thy mother! And from that hour the disciple took her unto his own home.

27Then saith he to the disciple, Behold thy mother! And from that hour that disciple took her unto his own home.

Commentary · verse 27

Jesus told John, "Behold thy mother!" After this, John treated Mary as his own mother.

28After this Jesus, knowing that all things are now finished, that the scripture might be accomplished, saith, I thirst.

28After this, Jesus knowing that all things were now accomplished, that the scripture might be fulfilled, saith, I thirst.

Commentary · verse 28

John referenced Psalm 69:21.

29There was set there a vessel full of vinegar: so they put a sponge full of the vinegar upon hyssop, and brought it to his mouth.

30When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up his spirit.

29Now there was set a vessel full of vinegar: and they filled a spunge with vinegar, and put it upon hyssop, and put it to his mouth.

30When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up the ghost.

Commentary · verses 29-30

Jesus said "It is finished" and gave up His spirit. Jesus waited until the right time (sundown) to intentionally give up His spirit by His choosing. Jesus' death at Passover ought to have pointed the Jews to Jesus being the "Lamb of God" that takes away the sins of the world.

31The Jews therefore, because it was the Preparation, that the bodies should not remain on the cross upon the sabbath (for the day of that sabbath was a high day), asked of Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken away.

31The Jews therefore, because it was the preparation, that the bodies should not remain upon the cross on the sabbath day, (for that sabbath day was an high day,) besought Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken away.

Commentary · verse 31

The bodies were not supposed to hang all night according to Deuteronomy 21:22-23. The Jews wanted to make sure the men on the crosses died before sunrise. They wanted to do this by breaking their legs so that even though they were not dead yet, breaking the legs of the people being crucified sped up their death by causing suffocation.

32The soldiers therefore came, and brake the legs of the first, and of the other that was crucified with him: 33but when they came to Jesus, and saw that he was dead already, they brake not his legs:

32Then came the soldiers, and brake the legs of the first, and of the other which was crucified with him.

33But when they came to Jesus, and saw that he was dead already, they brake not his legs:

Commentary · verses 32-33

Jesus was already dead so they did not break His legs. It could take days for a person to die by crucifixion, especially if their legs were not broken. Again, the law of that time was broken and it fulfilled prophecy from Psalm 22:17, the Psalm that prophesied Jesus' crucifixion.

34howbeit one of the soldiers with a spear pierced his side, and straightway there came out blood and water.

34But one of the soldiers with a spear pierced his side, and forthwith came there out blood and water.

Commentary · verse 34

A soldier pierced Jesus' side and out of the hole came blood and water. Prior to death, the sustained rapid heartbeat caused by hypovolemic shock (caused by decreased blood volume from the scourging) which also causes fluid to gather in the sack around the heart and around the lungs. This gathering of fluid in the membrane around the heart is called pericardial effusion, and the fluid gathering around the lungs is called pleural effusion. This explains why, after Jesus died and a Roman soldier thrust a spear through Jesus' side (probably His right side, piercing both the lungs and the heart), blood and water came from His side.

35And he that hath seen hath borne witness, and his witness is true: and he knoweth that he saith true, that ye also may believe.

36For these things came to pass, that the scripture might be fulfilled, A bone of him shall not be broken.

35And he that saw it bare record, and his record is true: and he knoweth that he saith true, that ye might believe.

36For these things were done, that the scripture should be fulfilled, A bone of him shall not be broken.

Commentary · verses 35-36

John referenced Psalm 34:20, which was another prophecy about Jesus' crucifixion.

37And again another scripture saith, They shall look on him whom they pierced.

37And again another scripture saith, They shall look on him whom they pierced.

Commentary · verse 37

John referenced Zechariah 12:10.

38And after these things Joseph of Arimathæa, being a disciple of Jesus, but secretly for fear of the Jews, asked of Pilate that he might take away the body of Jesus: and Pilate gave him leave. He came therefore, and took away his body.

39And there came also Nicodemus, he who at the first came to him by night, bringing a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about a hundred pounds.

38And after this Joseph of Arimathea, being a disciple of Jesus, but secretly for fear of the Jews, besought Pilate that he might take away the body of Jesus: and Pilate gave him leave. He came therefore, and took the body of Jesus.

39And there came also Nicodemus, which at the first came to Jesus by night, and brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about an hundred pound weight.

Commentary · verses 38-39

John was aware of the people who were secretly disciples of Jesus. Nicodemus, the Pharisee who sought Jesus in the night (see John 3), brought myrrh and aloes for Jesus' death.

40So they took the body of Jesus, and bound it in linen cloths with the spices, as the custom of the Jews is to bury.

41Now in the place where he was crucified there was a garden; and in the garden a new tomb wherein was never man yet laid.

42There then because of the Jews’ Preparation (for the tomb was nigh at hand) they laid Jesus.

40Then took they the body of Jesus, and wound it in linen clothes with the spices, as the manner of the Jews is to bury.

41Now in the place where he was crucified there was a garden; and in the garden a new sepulchre, wherein was never man yet laid.

42There laid they Jesus therefore because of the Jews’ preparation day; for the sepulchre was nigh at hand.

Commentary · verses 40-42

Jesus' body was quickly put into the tomb without being prepared for burial because it was the Passover. The day after Passover was a high Sabbath. The day after that high Sabbath was the weekly Sabbath. The next day was Sunday, the first day of the week. The women could not prepare Jesus' body until sunrise Sunday, which meant Jesus was dead three days and three nights. Jesus said in Matthew 12:40 that He would be in the belly of the world for three days and three nights just like Jonah was in the belly of the great fish for three days and three nights.

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