Genesis
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Genesis 38
Genesis 38
1And it came to pass at that time, that Judah went down from his brethren, and turned in to a certain Adullamite, whose name was Hirah.
1And it came to pass at that time, that Judah went down from his brethren, and turned in to a certain Adullamite, whose name was Hirah.
Commentary · verse 1
2And Judah saw there a daughter of a certain Canaanite whose name was Shua; and he took her, and went in unto her.
3And she conceived, and bare a son; and he called his name Er.
4And she conceived again, and bare a son; and she called his name Onan.
5And she yet again bare a son, and called his name Shelah: and he was at Chezib, when she bare him.
6And Judah took a wife for Er his first-born, and her name was Tamar.
2And Judah saw there a daughter of a certain Canaanite, whose name was Shuah; and he took her, and went in unto her.
3And she conceived, and bare a son; and he called his name Er.
4And she conceived again, and bare a son; and she called his name Onan.
5And she yet again conceived, and bare a son; and called his name Shelah: and he was at Chezib, when she bare him.
6And Judah took a wife for Er his firstborn, whose name was Tamar.
Commentary · verses 2-6
Tamar was in the lineage of Christ (Matthew 1:3). This chapter explained how and why it happened.
7And Er, Judah’s first-born, was wicked in the sight of Jehovah; and Jehovah slew him.
8And Judah said unto Onan, Go in unto thy brother’s wife, and perform the duty of a husband’s brother unto her, and raise up seed to thy brother.
9And Onan knew that the seed would not be his; and it came to pass, when he went in unto his brother’s wife, that he spilled it on the ground, lest he should give seed to his brother.
10And the thing which he did was evil in the sight of Jehovah: and he slew him also.
7And Er, Judah’s firstborn, was wicked in the sight of the LORD; and the LORD slew him.
8And Judah said unto Onan, Go in unto thy brother’s wife, and marry her, and raise up seed to thy brother.
9And Onan knew that the seed should not be his; and it came to pass, when he went in unto his brother’s wife, that he spilled it on the ground, lest that he should give seed to his brother.
10And the thing which he did displeased the LORD: wherefore he slew him also.
Commentary · verses 7-10
Er was evil and God killed him. Onan was evil for not performing the duty of a husband's brother, so God killed him.
11Then said Judah to Tamar his daughter-in-law, Remain a widow in thy father’s house, till Shelah my son be grown up; for he said, Lest he also die, like his brethren. And Tamar went and dwelt in her father’s house.
11Then said Judah to Tamar his daughter in law, Remain a widow at thy father’s house, till Shelah my son be grown: for he said, Lest peradventure he die also, as his brethren did. And Tamar went and dwelt in her father’s house.
Commentary · verse 11
Judah made a deal with Tamar and his last son, Shelah.
12And in process of time Shua’s daughter, the wife of Judah, died; and Judah was comforted, and went up unto his sheep-shearers to Timnah, he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite.
13And it was told Tamar, saying, Behold, thy father-in-law goeth up to Timnah to shear his sheep.
14And she put off from her the garments of her widowhood, and covered herself with her veil, and wrapped herself, and sat in the gate of Enaim, which is by the way to Timnah; for she saw that Shelah was grown up, and she was not given unto him to wife.
12And in process of time the daughter of Shuah Judah’s wife died; and Judah was comforted, and went up unto his sheepshearers to Timnath, he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite.
13And it was told Tamar, saying, Behold thy father in law goeth up to Timnath to shear his sheep.
14And she put her widow’s garments off from her, and covered her with a vail, and wrapped herself, and sat in an open place, which is by the way to Timnath; for she saw that Shelah was grown, and she was not given unto him to wife.
Commentary · verses 12-14
Judah was a widower. Tamar dressed as a harlot because Shelah was old enough and still was not given to her.
15When Judah saw her, he thought her to be a harlot; for she had covered her face.
16And he turned unto her by the way, and said, Come, I pray thee, let me come in unto thee: for he knew not that she was his daughter-in-law. And she said, What wilt thou give me, that thou mayest come in unto me?
15When Judah saw her, he thought her to be an harlot; because she had covered her face.
16And he turned unto her by the way, and said, Go to, I pray thee, let me come in unto thee; (for he knew not that she was his daughter in law.) And she said, What wilt thou give me, that thou mayest come in unto me?
Commentary · verses 15-16
Judah initiated the deal for sex not knowing the harlot was his daughter-in-law. He knew she was a prostitute because her face was covered.
17And he said, I will send thee a kid of the goats from the flock. And she said, Wilt thou give me a pledge, till thou send it?
18And he said, What pledge shall I give thee? And she said, Thy signet and thy cord, and thy staff that is in thy hand. And he gave them to her, and came in unto her, and she conceived by him.
17And he said, I will send thee a kid from the flock. And she said, Wilt thou give me a pledge, till thou send it?
18And he said, What pledge shall I give thee? And she said, Thy signet, and thy bracelets, and thy staff that is in thine hand. And he gave it her, and came in unto her, and she conceived by him.
Commentary · verses 17-18
This sexual intercourse limited sharing: a price was set. This was not covenantal. Apparently, prostitutes in the Bible kept their face covered before, during, and after sex.
19And she arose, and went away, and put off her veil from her, and put on the garments of her widowhood.
20And Judah sent the kid of the goats by the hand of his friend the Adullamite, to receive the pledge from the woman’s hand: but he found her not.
21Then he asked the men of her place, saying, Where is the prostitute, that was at Enaim by the wayside? And they said, There hath been no prostitute here.
19And she arose, and went away, and laid by her vail from her, and put on the garments of her widowhood.
20And Judah sent the kid by the hand of his friend the Adullamite, to receive his pledge from the woman’s hand: but he found her not.
21Then he asked the men of that place, saying, Where is the harlot, that was openly by the way side? And they said, There was no harlot in this place.
Commentary · verses 19-21
Judah's men openly asked about the harlot/prostitute with whom Judah had sexual intercourse.
22And he returned to Judah, and said, I have not found her; and also the men of the place said, There hath been no prostitute here.
23And Judah said, Let her take it to her, lest we be put to shame: behold, I sent this kid, and thou hast not found her.
22And he returned to Judah, and said, I cannot find her; and also the men of the place said, that there was no harlot in this place.
23And Judah said, Let her take it to her, lest we be shamed: behold, I sent this kid, and thou hast not found her.
Commentary · verses 22-23
Judah did not want to be put to shame. Not for being with a prostitute but for not paying for a prostitute.
24And it came to pass about three months after, that it was told Judah, saying, Tamar thy daughter-in-law hath played the harlot; and moreover, behold, she is with child by whoredom. And Judah said, Bring her forth, and let her be burnt.
24And it came to pass about three months after, that it was told Judah, saying, Tamar thy daughter in law hath played the harlot; and also, behold, she is with child by whoredom. And Judah said, Bring her forth, and let her be burnt.
Commentary · verse 24
Judah said Tamar was guilty because she was pregnant and not married.
25When she was brought forth, she sent to her father-in-law, saying, By the man, whose these are, am I with child: and she said, Discern, I pray thee, whose are these, the signet, and the cords, and the staff.
26And Judah acknowledged them, and said, She is more righteous than I, forasmuch as I gave her not to Shelah my son. And he knew her again no more.
25When she was brought forth, she sent to her father in law, saying, By the man, whose these are, am I with child: and she said, Discern, I pray thee, whose are these, the signet, and bracelets, and staff.
26And Judah acknowledged them, and said, She hath been more righteous than I; because that I gave her not to Shelah my son. And he knew her again no more.
Commentary · verses 25-26
Judah said Tamar was more righteous than him. He recognized that the reason for this was because he had not kept his part of their agreement: to give to Tamar his son Shelah. This was the fourth son to be mentioned specifically as having done something wrong. Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah were Leah's first four sons.
27And it came to pass in the time of her travail, that, behold, twins were in her womb.
27And it came to pass in the time of her travail, that, behold, twins were in her womb.
Commentary · verse 27
Tamar had twins. The Bible did not mention Judah taking another wife, or having any more children. Did this situation cause Judah to give up on women?
28And it came to pass, when she travailed, that one put out a hand: and the midwife took and bound upon his hand a scarlet thread, saying, This came out first.
29And it came to pass, as he drew back his hand, that, behold, his brother came out: and she said, Wherefore hast thou made a breach for thyself? therefore his name was called Perez.
28And it came to pass, when she travailed, that the one put out his hand: and the midwife took and bound upon his hand a scarlet thread, saying, This came out first.
29And it came to pass, as he drew back his hand, that, behold, his brother came out: and she said, How hast thou broken forth? this breach be upon thee: therefore his name was called Pharez.
Commentary · verses 28-29
Perez is in the line of Christ. "Perez" meant "breach." Remember Perez in regards to King David: The Book of Ruth ended with the lineage from Perez to David. Perez was the ancestor of two families of Judah: the Hezronites and Hamulites. From the Hezronites came the royal line of David and Christ.
Commentary · verse 29
Notice, Judah having sexual intercourse would have been a violation of God's Law in the next dispensation according to Leviticus 18:15 and was punishable by death according to Leviticus 20:12. However, this was not sin in this case and the result of a man having sexual intercourse with his daughter-in-law continued the lineage of Christ. This was another proof that sin is not the action (the WHAT), sin is the HOW/WHY. The sin (HOW/WHY) results in the action.
30And afterward came out his brother, that had the scarlet thread upon his hand: and his name was called Zerah.
30And afterward came out his brother, that had the scarlet thread upon his hand: and his name was called Zarah.
Commentary · verse 30
"Zerah" meant "rising." Zerah was the ancestor of the Zarhites, Ezrahites, and Izrahites. The rest of the Book of Genesis was from Joseph's perspective.
The Book of Genesis is the most read book of the Bible. The story of Joseph took up over one quarter of the Book of Genesis (thirteen of the fifty chapters). Within this one story, this chapter was dedicated to an interaction Judah had that concerned the lineage of Christ. Remember, Judah was the fourth born son. The first three had sinned, so the birthright of the patriarch would have fallen to him, and eventually Jesus Christ. This chapter was from the perspective of Judah.