Deuteronomy
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Deuteronomy 22
Deuteronomy 22
Commentary · verses 1-30
1Thou shalt not see thy brother’s ox or his sheep go astray, and hide thyself from them: thou shalt surely bring them again unto thy brother.
2And if thy brother be not nigh unto thee, or if thou know him not, then thou shalt bring it home to thy house, and it shall be with thee until thy brother seek after it, and thou shalt restore it to him.
3And so shalt thou do with his ass; and so shalt thou do with his garment; and so shalt thou do with every lost thing of thy brother’s, which he hath lost, and thou hast found: thou mayest not hide thyself.
4Thou shalt not see thy brother’s ass or his ox fallen down by the way, and hide thyself from them: thou shalt surely help him to lift them up again.
1Thou shalt not see thy brother’s ox or his sheep go astray, and hide thyself from them: thou shalt in any case bring them again unto thy brother.
2And if thy brother be not nigh unto thee, or if thou know him not, then thou shalt bring it unto thine own house, and it shall be with thee until thy brother seek after it, and thou shalt restore it to him again.
3In like manner shalt thou do with his ass; and so shalt thou do with his raiment; and with all lost thing of thy brother’s, which he hath lost, and thou hast found, shalt thou do likewise: thou mayest not hide thyself.
4Thou shalt not see thy brother’s ass or his ox fall down by the way, and hide thyself from them: thou shalt surely help him to lift them up again.
Commentary · verses 1-4
The first part of this chapter covered helping your brother and not hiding when your brother was in need.
5A woman shall not wear that which pertaineth unto a man, neither shall a man put on a woman’s garment; for whosoever doeth these things is an abomination unto Jehovah thy God.
5The woman shall not wear that which pertaineth unto a man, neither shall a man put on a woman’s garment: for all that do so are abomination unto the LORD thy God.
Commentary · verse 5
The law against "cross dressing."
6If a bird’s nest chance to be before thee in the way, in any tree or on the ground, with young ones or eggs, and the dam sitting upon the young, or upon the eggs, thou shalt not take the dam with the young: 7thou shalt surely let the dam go, but the young thou mayest take unto thyself; that it may be well with thee, and that thou mayest prolong thy days.
6If a bird’s nest chance to be before thee in the way in any tree, or on the ground, whether they be young ones, or eggs, and the dam sitting upon the young, or upon the eggs, thou shalt not take the dam with the young:
7But thou shalt in any wise let the dam go, and take the young to thee; that it may be well with thee, and that thou mayest prolong thy days.
Commentary · verses 6-7
They could take the young birds but they had to leave the mother. The "dam" was the mother bird.
8When thou buildest a new house, then thou shalt make a battlement for thy roof, that thou bring not blood upon thy house, if any man fall from thence.
8When thou buildest a new house, then thou shalt make a battlement for thy roof, that thou bring not blood upon thine house, if any man fall from thence.
Commentary · verse 8
They were told to build walls around their roof (balcony) so it was not their fault if someone fell from there.
9Thou shalt not sow thy vineyard with two kinds of seed, lest the whole fruit be forfeited, the seed which thou hast sown, and the increase of the vineyard.
10Thou shalt not plow with an ox and an ass together.
11Thou shalt not wear a mingled stuff, wool and linen together.
12Thou shalt make thee fringes upon the four borders of thy vesture, wherewith thou coverest thyself.
9Thou shalt not sow thy vineyard with divers seeds: lest the fruit of thy seed which thou hast sown, and the fruit of thy vineyard, be defiled.
10Thou shalt not plow with an ox and an ass together.
11Thou shalt not wear a garment of divers sorts, as of woollen and linen together.
12Thou shalt make thee fringes upon the four quarters of thy vesture, wherewith thou coverest thyself.
Commentary · verses 9-12
Four laws of separation.
13If any man take a wife, and go in unto her, and hate her, 14and lay shameful things to her charge, and bring up an evil name upon her, and say, I took this woman, and when I came nigh to her, I found not in her the tokens of virginity; 15then shall the father of the damsel, and her mother, take and bring forth the tokens of the damsel’s virginity unto the elders of the city in the gate;
13If any man take a wife, and go in unto her, and hate her,
14And give occasions of speech against her, and bring up an evil name upon her, and say, I took this woman, and when I came to her, I found her not a maid:
15Then shall the father of the damsel, and her mother, take and bring forth the tokens of the damsel’s virginity unto the elders of the city in the gate:
16and the damsel’s father shall say unto the elders, I gave my daughter unto this man to wife, and he hateth her; 17and, lo, he hath laid shameful things to her charge, saying, I found not in thy daughter the tokens of virginity; and yet these are the tokens of my daughter’s virginity. And they shall spread the garment before the elders of the city.
18And the elders of that city shall take the man and chastise him; 19and they shall fine him a hundred shekels of silver, and give them unto the father of the damsel, because he hath brought up an evil name upon a virgin of Israel: and she shall be his wife; he may not put her away all his days.
16And the damsel’s father shall say unto the elders, I gave my daughter unto this man to wife, and he hateth her;
17And, lo, he hath given occasions of speech against her, saying, I found not thy daughter a maid; and yet these are the tokens of my daughter’s virginity. And they shall spread the cloth before the elders of the city.
18And the elders of that city shall take that man and chastise him;
19And they shall amerce him in an hundred shekels of silver, and give them unto the father of the damsel, because he hath brought up an evil name upon a virgin of Israel: and she shall be his wife; he may not put her away all his days.
Commentary · verses 16-19
Notice, if the husband falsely accused the wife, he could never put her away. "Put away" meant to end the Marriage covenant by walking away from her. No bill of divorcement, which took the place of the blood-stained sheet. Without the ability to produce a blood-stained sheet (either physically or with a bill of divorcement) the woman would not be able to marry within Israel. She was removed from the community of Israel as a fornicator, an unbeliever. Notice, this passage did not state the husband could not divorce her. However, if he divorced her, another man could marry her. This passage was not about divorce...
20But if this thing be true, that the tokens of virginity were not found in the damsel; 21then they shall bring out the damsel to the door of her father’s house, and the men of her city shall stone her to death with stones, because she hath wrought folly in Israel, to play the harlot in her father’s house: so shalt thou put away the evil from the midst of thee.
20But if this thing be true, and the tokens of virginity be not found for the damsel:
21Then they shall bring out the damsel to the door of her father’s house, and the men of her city shall stone her with stones that she die: because she hath wrought folly in Israel, to play the whore in her father’s house: so shalt thou put evil away from among you.
Commentary · verses 20-21
Now we see what this passage was really about. The husband was not only attempting to remove her from the community of Israel, he was attempting to get her stoned as an unbeliever. Her inability to produce a blood-stained sheet would be proof she was actually married to another...that she had intercourse (was married) before the "marriage" (to the accusing "husband") in question. The man had unintentionally committed adultery. This section was critical to understanding Jesus' answers to the Pharisees relative to Marriage, divorce, and putting away. Again, the husband could have divorced her according to the Law (see Deuteronomy 24 below)...
Doctrines on this passage
22If a man be found lying with a woman married to a husband, then they shall both of them die, the man that lay with the woman, and the woman: so shalt thou put away the evil from Israel.
22If a man be found lying with a woman married to an husband, then they shall both of them die, both the man that lay with the woman, and the woman: so shalt thou put away evil from Israel.
Commentary · verse 22
We just covered the case of intercourse before "marriage." This covered the case of intercourse with other people after Marriage. If a man laid with a married woman, they both shall die. This was adultery.
23If there be a damsel that is a virgin betrothed unto a husband, and a man find her in the city, and lie with her; 24then ye shall bring them both out unto the gate of that city, and ye shall stone them to death with stones; the damsel, because she cried not, being in the city; and the man, because he hath humbled his neighbor’s wife: so thou shalt put away the evil from the midst of thee.
23If a damsel that is a virgin be betrothed unto an husband, and a man find her in the city, and lie with her;
24Then ye shall bring them both out unto the gate of that city, and ye shall stone them with stones that they die; the damsel, because she cried not, being in the city; and the man, because he hath humbled his neighbour’s wife: so thou shalt put away evil from among you.
Commentary · verses 23-24
If a man laid with a virgin that was betrothed while they were around people (in the city), and she did not cry out, they both were stoned to death. Again, virgins could be betrothed, considered to be a wife, and not yet have consummated the Marriage covenant.
25But if the man find the damsel that is betrothed in the field, and the man force her, and lie with her; then the man only that lay with her shall die:
25But if a man find a betrothed damsel in the field, and the man force her, and lie with her: then the man only that lay with her shall die:
Commentary · verse 25
If a man forced himself on a woman while there were no people around (ie. in a field), then only the man would die.
26but unto the damsel thou shalt do nothing; there is in the damsel no sin worthy of death: for as when a man riseth against his neighbor, and slayeth him, even so is this matter; 27for he found her in the field, the betrothed damsel cried, and there was none to save her.
26But unto the damsel thou shalt do nothing; there is in the damsel no sin worthy of death: for as when a man riseth against his neighbour, and slayeth him, even so is this matter:
27For he found her in the field, and the betrothed damsel cried, and there was none to save her.
Commentary · verses 26-27
This was rape and was a similar matter to that of murder.
28If a man find a damsel that is a virgin, that is not betrothed, and lay hold on her, and lie with her, and they be found; 29then the man that lay with her shall give unto the damsel’s father fifty shekels of silver, and she shall be his wife, because he hath humbled her; he may not put her away all his days.
28If a man find a damsel that is a virgin, which is not betrothed, and lay hold on her, and lie with her, and they be found;
29Then the man that lay with her shall give unto the damsel’s father fifty shekels of silver, and she shall be his wife; because he hath humbled her, he may not put her away all his days.
Commentary · verses 28-29
If a man found a virgin who was not betrothed and laid with her, they were married (consensual sexual intercourse is Marriage). He had to give fifty shekels of silver to her father, and he could not put her away all his days because he had humbled her.
Doctrines on this passage
30A man shall not take his father’s wife, and shall not uncover his father’s skirt.
30A man shall not take his father’s wife, nor discover his father’s skirt.
Commentary · verse 30
According to Genesis 35:22, Reuben laid with his father's concubine who would eventually become his father's wife, but this happened before the Law was instituted.
This chapter covered miscellaneous laws.