Reading Plan · Day 353
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1 Peter 1-3
Day 353
Day 353 Read
Where You Stopped
1 Peter 1
1Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, to the elect who are sojourners of the Dispersion in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia,
1Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, to the strangers scattered throughout Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia,
Commentary · verse 1
2according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, in sanctification of the Spirit, unto obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ: Grace to you and peace be multiplied.
3Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who according to his great mercy begat us again unto a living hope by the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead,
2Elect according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, through sanctification of the Spirit, unto obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ: Grace unto you, and peace, be multiplied.
3Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, which according to his abundant mercy hath begotten us again unto a lively hope by the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead,
Commentary · verses 2-3
When we become believers we are sanctified of the Spirit and begotten again (born anew) by Christ's resurrection.
4unto an inheritance incorruptible, and undefiled, and that fadeth not away, reserved in heaven for you,
4To an inheritance incorruptible, and undefiled, and that fadeth not away, reserved in heaven for you,
Commentary · verse 4
The inheritance we now are heir with is incorruptible, undefiled, will not fade away, and is reserved in heaven.
5who by the power of God are guarded through faith unto a salvation ready to be revealed in the last time.
5Who are kept by the power of God through faith unto salvation ready to be revealed in the last time.
Commentary · verse 5
…and is kept by God's power. We have access to this inheritance through faith unto Salvation.
6Wherein ye greatly rejoice, though now for a little while, if need be, ye have been put to grief in manifold trials, 7that the proof of your faith, being more precious than gold that perisheth though it is proved by fire, may be found unto praise and glory and honor at the revelation of Jesus Christ:
6Wherein ye greatly rejoice, though now for a season, if need be, ye are in heaviness through manifold temptations:
7That the trial of your faith, being much more precious than of gold that perisheth, though it be tried with fire, might be found unto praise and honour and glory at the appearing of Jesus Christ:
Commentary · verses 6-7
Suffering was the main theme of this letter. Peter stated in the sixth verse: Rejoice in temptations that try your faith. They are much more precious than gold that perishes. The riches of our faith being grown are spiritual and incorruptible. Remember, fire burns up dross and purifies precious metals.
8whom not having seen ye love; on whom, though now ye see him not, yet believing, ye rejoice greatly with joy unspeakable and full of glory: 9receiving the end of your faith, even the salvation of your souls.
8Whom having not seen, ye love; in whom, though now ye see him not, yet believing, ye rejoice with joy unspeakable and full of glory:
9Receiving the end of your faith, even the salvation of your souls.
Commentary · verses 8-9
Our faith (belief in something: we cannot see and/or that has not happened yet) results in the Salvation of our souls.
10Concerning which salvation the prophets sought and searched diligently, who prophesied of the grace that should come unto you:
10Of which salvation the prophets have enquired and searched diligently, who prophesied of the grace that should come unto you:
Commentary · verse 10
The grace that is here now was prophesied about in Jeremiah 31:33.
11searching what time or what manner of time the Spirit of Christ which was in them did point unto, when it testified beforehand the sufferings of Christ, and the glories that should follow them.
11Searching what, or what manner of time the Spirit of Christ which was in them did signify, when it testified beforehand the sufferings of Christ, and the glory that should follow.
Commentary · verse 11
The Spirit of Christ spoke of the sufferings of Christ and the glory that would follow through the prophets. Peter established that the Messiah's suffering resulted in glory.
12To whom it was revealed, that not unto themselves, but unto you, did they minister these things, which now have been announced unto you through them that preached the gospel unto you by the Holy Spirit sent forth from heaven; which things angels desire to look into.
12Unto whom it was revealed, that not unto themselves, but unto us they did minister the things, which are now reported unto you by them that have preached the gospel unto you with the Holy Ghost sent down from heaven; which things the angels desire to look into.
Commentary · verse 12
This sentence from Peter sounded like Ephesians 3:10-11, our dispensation revealed a plan that not even the spiritual realm was aware.
13Wherefore girding up the loins of your mind, be sober and set your hope perfectly on the grace that is to be brought unto you at the revelation of Jesus Christ;
13Wherefore gird up the loins of your mind, be sober, and hope to the end for the grace that is to be brought unto you at the revelation of Jesus Christ;
Commentary · verse 13
In this verse, the Greek word for "mind" was dianoia. It was composed of two Greek words that meant "the channel through which the Mind/Soul operates"...which is the conscious brain! The word "brain" is a relatively new word and was created more than a thousand years after the New Testament was written. Prepare your conscious brain, be sober, and hope (faith) to the end for the grace that will be brought to us at the revelation of Christ in our conscious brain.
14as children of obedience, not fashioning yourselves according to your former lusts in the time of your ignorance:
14As obedient children, not fashioning yourselves according to the former lusts in your ignorance:
Commentary · verse 14
…as obedient children (by grace), not being led by the flesh.
15but like as he who called you is holy, be ye yourselves also holy in all manner of living;
15But as he which hath called you is holy, so be ye holy in all manner of conversation;
Commentary · verse 15
This is still the same sentence as verse 13 which began with Peter telling us to focus on "girding the loins of our conscious brains." He that called you is holy, so you will be holy in all manner of living (actions/DO). Some people want to interpret this verse as meaning God calls every believer holy and there is nothing the believer can do to cease from being holy. Actually, we know "holy" means Right and Just. God alone is Holy. However, believers make a choice, with their conscious brain, to allow God (Holy Spirit) inside to guide their actions, which is grace. When we choose to allow God to work through us, the result is Righteousness unto Salvation, which is holy. We are only holy when we allow the Holy Spirit to work through us...
16because it is written, Ye shall be holy; for I am holy.
16Because it is written, Be ye holy; for I am holy.
Commentary · verse 16
Peter referenced Leviticus 11:44 to show we are only holy as an effect of God, because God alone is holy and God works through believers.
17And if ye call on him as Father, who without respect of persons judgeth according to each man’s work, pass the time of your sojourning in fear:
17And if ye call on the Father, who without respect of persons judgeth according to every man’s work, pass the time of your sojourning here in fear:
Commentary · verse 17
Doctrine: Everyone will be judged according to their works, what they choose to let out through their hearts.
18knowing that ye were redeemed, not with corruptible things, with silver or gold, from your vain manner of life handed down from your fathers; 19but with precious blood, as of a lamb without blemish and without spot, even the blood of Christ:
18Forasmuch as ye know that ye were not redeemed with corruptible things, as silver and gold, from your vain conversation received by tradition from your fathers;
19But with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish and without spot:
Commentary · verses 18-19
Doctrine: Christ was the Passover Lamb. His blood is the source of our Salvation.
20who was foreknown indeed before the foundation of the world, but was manifested at the end of the times for your sake, 21who through him are believers in God, that raised him from the dead, and gave him glory; so that your faith and hope might be in God.
20Who verily was foreordained before the foundation of the world, but was manifest in these last times for you,
21Who by him do believe in God, that raised him up from the dead, and gave him glory; that your faith and hope might be in God.
Commentary · verses 20-21
Doctrine: Christ was foreordained before the foundation of the world but was manifest (made to appear) in the last times for us, that by Him we believe in God.
Doctrines on this passage
22Seeing ye have purified your souls in your obedience to the truth unto unfeigned love of the brethren, love one another from the heart fervently:
22Seeing ye have purified your souls in obeying the truth through the Spirit unto unfeigned love of the brethren, see that ye love one another with a pure heart fervently:
Commentary · verse 22
"...your obedience to the truth" is grace: the divine influence upon the heart, and its reflection in the life. God would direct us to love other believers.
23having been begotten again, not of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible, through the word of God, which liveth and abideth.
23Being born again, not of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible, by the word of God, which liveth and abideth for ever.
Commentary · verse 23
Doctrine: Those who are obedient to the truth have been begotten again (born anew) by the word of God (Jesus) which lives forever.
24For, All flesh is as grass, And all the glory thereof as the flower of grass. The grass withereth, and the flower falleth: 25But the word of the Lord abideth for ever. And this is the word of good tidings which was preached unto you.
24For all flesh is as grass, and all the glory of man as the flower of grass. The grass withereth, and the flower thereof falleth away:
25But the word of the Lord endureth for ever. And this is the word which by the gospel is preached unto you.
Commentary · verses 24-25
Peter referenced Isaiah 40:6-8. The Word of God is spiritual and lives forever.
Commentary · verse 25
Theme of Chapter 1: Peter introduced his main theme of suffering. Peter established the long term benefit of grace through faith: eternal Salvation.
Where You Stopped
1 Peter 2
1Putting away therefore all wickedness, and all guile, and hypocrisies, and envies, and all evil speakings, 2as newborn babes, long for the spiritual milk which is without guile, that ye may grow thereby unto salvation;
1Wherefore laying aside all malice, and all guile, and hypocrisies, and envies, and all evil speakings,
2As newborn babes, desire the sincere milk of the word, that ye may grow thereby:
Commentary · verses 1-2
Peter presented the long term benefit of being a believer in the first chapter. Here, Peter began listing the short term things we ought to do if we want to receive the long term benefit: As newborn babes (with humility) desire the sincere milk of the word so you may grow.
3if ye have tasted that the Lord is gracious: 4unto whom coming, a living stone, rejected indeed of men, but with God elect, precious, 5ye also, as living stones, are built up a spiritual house, to be a holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices, acceptable to God through Jesus Christ.
3If so be ye have tasted that the Lord is gracious.
4To whom coming, as unto a living stone, disallowed indeed of men, but chosen of God, and precious,
5Ye also, as lively stones, are built up a spiritual house, an holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices, acceptable to God by Jesus Christ.
Commentary · verses 3-5
The word sacrifice meant "to kill flesh." Peter equated the current behavior that was in line with receiving the long term benefit as sacrifice.
6Because it is contained in scripture, Behold, I lay in Zion a chief corner stone, elect, precious: And he that believeth on him shall not be put to shame.
6Wherefore also it is contained in the scripture, Behold, I lay in Sion a chief corner stone, elect, precious: and he that believeth on him shall not be confounded.
Commentary · verse 6
Peter referenced Isaiah 28:16 and Psalm 118:22. Christ is the "Chief Corner Stone". Those who believe on Christ will not be put to shame.
7For you therefore that believe is the preciousness: but for such as disbelieve, The stone which the builders rejected, The same was made the head of the corner; 8and, A stone of stumbling, and a rock of offence; for they stumble at the word, being disobedient: whereunto also they were appointed.
7Unto you therefore which believe he is precious: but unto them which be disobedient, the stone which the builders disallowed, the same is made the head of the corner,
8And a stone of stumbling, and a rock of offence, even to them which stumble at the word, being disobedient: whereunto also they were appointed.
Commentary · verses 7-8
Peter referenced Isaiah 8:14. Peter showed the Jews that it was prophesied that Christ would be rejected by God's people.
9But ye are an elect race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people for God’s own possession, that ye may show forth the excellencies of him who called you out of darkness into his marvellous light:
9But ye are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, an holy nation, a peculiar people; that ye should shew forth the praises of him who hath called you out of darkness into his marvellous light:
Commentary · verse 9
The Israel nation was chosen to show the praises of God who called them out of darkness and into His light.
Doctrines on this passage
10who in time past were no people, but now are the people of God: who had not obtained mercy, but now have obtained mercy.
10Which in time past were not a people, but are now the people of God: which had not obtained mercy, but now have obtained mercy.
Commentary · verse 10
Peter referenced Hosea 1:9-10. God's people includes the Gentiles. Every person has the opportunity to be God's people.
11Beloved, I beseech you as sojourners and pilgrims, to abstain from fleshly lusts, which war against the soul; 12having your behavior seemly among the Gentiles; that, wherein they speak against you as evil-doers, they may by your good works, which they behold, glorify God in the day of visitation.
11Dearly beloved, I beseech you as strangers and pilgrims, abstain from fleshly lusts, which war against the soul;
12Having your conversation honest among the Gentiles: that, whereas they speak against you as evildoers, they may by your good works, which they shall behold, glorify God in the day of visitation.
Commentary · verses 11-12
Peter appealed to the Jews' behavior relative to (in the presence of) the Gentiles. Peter stated that the suffering from Gentiles speaking against them ought to be seen as an opportunity to become their good work, something that would get Rewarded in eternity.
13Be subject to every ordinance of man for the Lord’s sake: whether to the king, as supreme; 14or unto governors, as sent by him for vengeance on evil-doers and for praise to them that do well.
13Submit yourselves to every ordinance of man for the Lord’s sake: whether it be to the king, as supreme;
14Or unto governors, as unto them that are sent by him for the punishment of evildoers, and for the praise of them that do well.
Commentary · verses 13-14
Submit to the ordinances of man "for the Lord's sake." However, you ought not to forsake God by following man-made ordinances. The point being that not following God's ordinances would obviously prove to everyone you were an unbeliever, especially if you rationalize this choice by saying you were following an ordinance from man that contradicted God's ordinance. Not following man's ordinances when they did not contradict God's ordinances would be giving unbelievers reason to speak against believers.
15For so is the will of God, that by well-doing ye should put to silence the ignorance of foolish men: 16as free, and not using your freedom for a cloak of wickedness, but as bondservants of God.
15For so is the will of God, that with well doing ye may put to silence the ignorance of foolish men:
16As free, and not using your liberty for a cloke of maliciousness, but as the servants of God.
Commentary · verses 15-16
Following man's ordinances that did not contradict God's ordinances ought to silence ignorant and foolish men who are trying to afflict you.
17Honor all men. Love the brotherhood. Fear God. Honor the king.
17Honour all men. Love the brotherhood. Fear God. Honour the king.
Commentary · verse 17
Perfect summary: Hold God in the highest respect (First Command), love believers (Second Command as an effect of the First Command), give honor to everyone else.
18Servants, be in subjection to your masters with all fear; not only to the good and gentle, but also to the froward.
19For this is acceptable, if for conscience toward God a man endureth griefs, suffering wrongfully.
20For what glory is it, if, when ye sin, and are buffeted for it, ye shall take it patiently? but if, when ye do well, and suffer for it, ye shall take it patiently, this is acceptable with God.
18Servants, be subject to your masters with all fear; not only to the good and gentle, but also to the froward.
19For this is thankworthy, if a man for conscience toward God endure grief, suffering wrongfully.
20For what glory is it, if, when ye be buffeted for your faults, ye shall take it patiently? but if, when ye do well, and suffer for it, ye take it patiently, this is acceptable with God.
Commentary · verses 18-20
Servants (employees), be subject to your masters (supervisors), even the bad ones because when you endure this affliction it is acceptable (charis - grace) with God. Peter brought up his main theme of suffering to say that men who were toward God would endure wrongful griefs and sufferings.
21For hereunto were ye called: because Christ also suffered for you, leaving you an example, that ye should follow his steps: 22who did no sin, neither was guile found in his mouth:
21For even hereunto were ye called: because Christ also suffered for us, leaving us an example, that ye should follow his steps:
22Who did no sin, neither was guile found in his mouth:
Commentary · verses 21-22
We ought to suffer well because Christ, who did no sin, suffered for us and gave us an example for us to follow.
23who, when he was reviled, reviled not again; when he suffered, threatened not; but committed himself to him that judgeth righteously:
23Who, when he was reviled, reviled not again; when he suffered, he threatened not; but committed himself to him that judgeth righteously:
Commentary · verse 23
When Christ suffered, He committed Himself to God who judges Righteously. Christ suffered the ultimate injustice, and He never defended Himself.
24who his own self bare our sins in his body upon the tree, that we, having died unto sins, might live unto righteousness; by whose stripes ye were healed.
24Who his own self bare our sins in his own body on the tree, that we, being dead to sins, should live unto righteousness: by whose stripes ye were healed.
Commentary · verse 24
Christ bore our sins so that now we are dead to sin and we ought to "live unto righteousness," which is by grace. Next, Peter referenced Isaiah 53:6...
25For ye were going astray like sheep; but are now returned unto the Shepherd and Bishop of your souls.
25For ye were as sheep going astray; but are now returned unto the Shepherd and Bishop of your souls.
Commentary · verse 25
Theme of Chapter 2: We ought to suffer well wrongful griefs and sufferings in the short term if we actually have the causes that lead to the long term benefit of eternal Salvation. Handling suffering well ought to also lead to convert unbelievers.
Where You Stopped
1 Peter 3
1In like manner, ye wives, be in subjection to your own husbands; that, even if any obey not the word, they may without the word be gained by the behavior of their wives; 2beholding your chaste behavior coupled with fear.
1Likewise, ye wives, be in subjection to your own husbands; that, if any obey not the word, they also may without the word be won by the conversation of the wives;
2While they behold your chaste conversation coupled with fear.
Commentary · verses 1-2
This was a specific application (Marriage) of the theme from the previous chapter. Peter facilitated Marriage the way God intended it to be; the way it ought to be. Premise: The husband should be teaching his wife God's Word. The wives were exhorted to live by the word so that if their husbands did not, they may be won by the conduct of the wives.
3Whose adorning let it not be the outward adorning of braiding the hair, and of wearing jewels of gold, or of putting on apparel; 4but let it be the hidden man of the heart, in the incorruptible apparel of a meek and quiet spirit, which is in the sight of God of great price.
3Whose adorning let it not be that outward adorning of plaiting the hair, and of wearing of gold, or of putting on of apparel;
4But let it be the hidden man of the heart, in that which is not corruptible, even the ornament of a meek and quiet spirit, which is in the sight of God of great price.
Commentary · verses 3-4
Reason: Women should focus on the spiritual (meek and quiet spirit) and not the physical.
5For after this manner aforetime the holy women also, who hoped in God, adorned themselves, being in subjection to their own husbands:
5For after this manner in the old time the holy women also, who trusted in God, adorned themselves, being in subjection unto their own husbands:
Commentary · verse 5
Peter's support for his premise and reason...
6as Sarah obeyed Abraham, calling him lord: whose children ye now are, if ye do well, and are not put in fear by any terror.
6Even as Sara obeyed Abraham, calling him lord: whose daughters ye are, as long as ye do well, and are not afraid with any amazement.
Commentary · verse 6
Peter referenced Genesis 18:12 when Sarah called Abraham "lord." Next, Peter focused on the husbands...
7Ye husbands, in like manner, dwell with your wives according to knowledge, giving honor unto the woman, as unto the weaker vessel, as being also joint-heirs of the grace of life; to the end that your prayers be not hindered.
7Likewise, ye husbands, dwell with them according to knowledge, giving honour unto the wife, as unto the weaker vessel, and as being heirs together of the grace of life; that your prayers be not hindered.
Commentary · verse 7
Husbands give honor to their wives who are heirs together of the grace of life so that your prayers are not hindered. If husbands and wives (one flesh) are not honoring each other they could be hindering their prayers because they are not in agreement.
The verse said that men were to honor their wives as unto the weaker vessel. Peter did not say that women were the weaker vessel. Peter was giving the husbands a practical example of HOW they could lead their wives. The men reading this ought to see it as Peter saying that men should be lifting up (leading) these vessels. The emphasis of this verse ought to be put on husbands honoring their wives, not on the descriptive term "weaker vessel."
Doctrines on this passage
8Finally, be ye all likeminded, compassionate, loving as brethren, tenderhearted, humbleminded: 9not rendering evil for evil, or reviling for reviling; but contrariwise blessing; for hereunto were ye called, that ye should inherit a blessing.
8Finally, be ye all of one mind, having compassion one of another, love as brethren, be pitiful, be courteous:
9Not rendering evil for evil, or railing for railing: but contrariwise blessing; knowing that ye are thereunto called, that ye should inherit a blessing.
Commentary · verses 8-9
Verses 8-9 were effects of fellowship. Verses 1-7 dealt with the most intimate form of fellowship: Marriage. These verses covered HOW all believers ought to interact with all believers.
10For, He that would love life, And see good days, Let him refrain his tongue from evil, And his lips that they speak no guile: 11And let him turn away from evil, and do good; Let him seek peace, and pursue it.
12For the eyes of the Lord are upon the righteous, And his ears unto their supplication: But the face of the Lord is upon them that do evil.
10For he that will love life, and see good days, let him refrain his tongue from evil, and his lips that they speak no guile:
11Let him eschew evil, and do good; let him seek peace, and ensue it.
12For the eyes of the Lord are over the righteous, and his ears are open unto their prayers: but the face of the Lord is against them that do evil.
Commentary · verses 10-12
Peter referenced Psalm 34:12-16. The Eyes and Ears of God are towards the Righteous but His Face is against those who do evil.
13And who is he that will harm you, if ye be zealous of that which is good?
13And who is he that will harm you, if ye be followers of that which is good?
Commentary · verse 13
Peter rhetorically asked: "Who would do you harm if you are motivated towards doing good?" Next, Peter considered there could be someone like this and responded through an if...
14But even if ye should suffer for righteousness’ sake, blessed are ye: and fear not their fear, neither be troubled;
14But and if ye suffer for righteousness’ sake, happy are ye: and be not afraid of their terror, neither be troubled;
Commentary · verse 14
Even if you suffer because you are motivated to do good, realize you are blessed. You will be Rewarded.
15but sanctify in your hearts Christ as Lord: being ready always to give answer to every man that asketh you a reason concerning the hope that is in you, yet with meekness and fear:
15But sanctify the Lord God in your hearts: and be ready always to give an answer to every man that asketh you a reason of the hope that is in you with meekness and fear:
Commentary · verse 15
Set God apart in your heart and in humility and respect. Be ready always to give an answer to every man that asks you a reason (WHY) of the hope (faith) that is in you. We ought to know the WHY behind what we believe so we can give an answer at any time to every man.
16having a good conscience; that, wherein ye are spoken against, they may be put to shame who revile your good manner of life in Christ.
17For it is better, if the will of God should so will, that ye suffer for well-doing than for evil-doing.
16Having a good conscience; that, whereas they speak evil of you, as of evildoers, they may be ashamed that falsely accuse your good conversation in Christ.
17For it is better, if the will of God be so, that ye suffer for well doing, than for evil doing.
Commentary · verses 16-17
Peter essentially stated that if you were going to suffer it might as well be for well-doing rather than evil-doing.
Doctrines on this passage
18Because Christ also suffered for sins once, the righteous for the unrighteous, that he might bring us to God; being put to death in the flesh, but made alive in the spirit;
18For Christ also hath once suffered for sins, the just for the unjust, that he might bring us to God, being put to death in the flesh, but quickened by the Spirit:
Commentary · verse 18
Christ suffered for sins: the Just (Jesus/God) for the unjust (man). Christ was the ultimate example of suffering for well-doing.
Doctrines on this passage
19in which also he went and preached unto the spirits in prison,
19By which also he went and preached unto the spirits in prison;
Commentary · verse 19
Doctrine: Jesus preached to the angels in tartarus (compartment of hell) while His physical body was in the grave.
20that aforetime were disobedient, when the longsuffering of God waited in the days of Noah, while the ark was a preparing, wherein few, that is, eight souls, were saved through water:
20Which sometime were disobedient, when once the longsuffering of God waited in the days of Noah, while the ark was a preparing, wherein few, that is, eight souls were saved by water.
Commentary · verse 20
This was a reference to Genesis 6. The angels that impregnated earthly women prior to the Flood were imprisoned in tartarus. Noah, his wife, his three sons and their wives were saved through water, not by water. They were saved by the ark through water...
21which also after a true likeness doth now save you, even baptism, not the putting away of the filth of the flesh, but the interrogation of a good conscience toward God, through the resurrection of Jesus Christ;
21The like figure whereunto even baptism doth also now save us (not the putting away of the filth of the flesh, but the answer of a good conscience toward God,) by the resurrection of Jesus Christ:
Commentary · verse 21
The Flood was a representation of baptism. Baptism does not save us. We are saved by believing in the resurrection of Jesus the Messiah and continuing to allow His influence through the Holy Spirit to guide us. Baptism represented the death and burial of the sinful man and what came through the water was the saved man.
22who is on the right hand of God, having gone into heaven; angels and authorities and powers being made subject unto him.
22Who is gone into heaven, and is on the right hand of God; angels and authorities and powers being made subject unto him.
Commentary · verse 22
Theme of Chapter 3: Peter addressed specific applications of handling suffering well.
Peter, an Apostle, wrote a letter to believers (elect) from foreign countries throughout Asia Minor: Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia. These areas were mentioned in Acts 2:9.