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Reading Plan · Day 325

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Romans 13-16

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Previously · Day 324 · Romans 10-12

The previous day's reading showed that Paul showed us we ought to love everyone and forgive so that God could equal out Justice for our benefit and the benefit of others who are no longer under mercy. We are not supposed to judge. We are supposed to let God judge which ought to cause us to think well of God and see His value at an even greater level.

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Where You Stopped

Romans 13

1Let every soul be in subjection to the higher powers: for there is no power but of God; and the powers that be are ordained of God.

2Therefore he that resisteth the power, withstandeth the ordinance of God: and they that withstand shall receive to themselves judgment.

1Let every soul be subject unto the higher powers. For there is no power but of God: the powers that be are ordained of God.

2Whosoever therefore resisteth the power, resisteth the ordinance of God: and they that resist shall receive to themselves damnation.

Commentary · verses 1-2

Paul continued his premise that we should not judge others. We should humble ourselves before God, and before the people God has put over us. In the previous chapter, Paul told us to overcome evil with good: Romans 12:21. Paul's premise continued to a more difficult case: how to deal with people who have authority over us.

3For rulers are not a terror to the good work, but to the evil. And wouldest thou have no fear of the power? do that which is good, and thou shalt have praise from the same:

3For rulers are not a terror to good works, but to the evil. Wilt thou then not be afraid of the power? do that which is good, and thou shalt have praise of the same:

Commentary · verse 3

Rulers are not a terror to those who do good but to those who do evil. If you do good, you will receive praise from the higher powers. For example, being a "good" employee will help your employer see that you "do good."

4for he is a minister of God to thee for good. But if thou do that which is evil, be afraid; for he beareth not the sword in vain: for he is a minister of God, an avenger for wrath to him that doeth evil.

5Wherefore ye must needs be in subjection, not only because of the wrath, but also for conscience’ sake.

4For he is the minister of God to thee for good. But if thou do that which is evil, be afraid; for he beareth not the sword in vain: for he is the minister of God, a revenger to execute wrath upon him that doeth evil.

5Wherefore ye must needs be subject, not only for wrath, but also for conscience sake.

Commentary · verses 4-5

You should be in subjection to the higher powers. Not only because their wrath can hinder you but also for your own conscience.

6For for this cause ye pay tribute also; for they are ministers of God’s service, attending continually upon this very thing.

7Render to all their dues: tribute to whom tribute is due; custom to whom custom; fear to whom fear; honor to whom honor.

8Owe no man anything, save to love one another: for he that loveth his neighbor hath fulfilled the law.

6For for this cause pay ye tribute also: for they are God’s ministers, attending continually upon this very thing.

7Render therefore to all their dues: tribute to whom tribute is due; custom to whom custom; fear to whom fear; honour to whom honour.

8Owe no man any thing, but to love one another: for he that loveth another hath fulfilled the law.

Commentary · verses 6-8

You owe when someone loves you, so you ought to love others so you do not owe. Loving others fulfills the Law. "Love" is "giving a value to someone without expecting anything in return from the person you gave to."

9For this, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not kill, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not covet, and if there be any other commandment, it is summed up in this word, namely, Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself.

9For this, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not kill, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not bear false witness, Thou shalt not covet; and if there be any other commandment, it is briefly comprehended in this saying, namely, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself.

Commentary · verse 9

All the Laws other than "love the Lord thy God..." are fulfilled by loving your neighbor, which is an effect of loving the Lord thy God.

10Love worketh no ill to his neighbor: love therefore is the fulfilment of the law.

10Love worketh no ill to his neighbour: therefore love is the fulfilling of the law.

Commentary · verse 10

Doctrine: You will not break the Law if you love. When you give without expecting anything in return, you will not break the Law.

11And this, knowing the season, that already it is time for you to awake out of sleep: for now is salvation nearer to us than when we first believed.

12The night is far spent, and the day is at hand: let us therefore cast off the works of darkness, and let us put on the armor of light.

13Let us walk becomingly, as in the day; not in revelling and drunkenness, not in chambering and wantonness, not in strife and jealousy.

14But put ye on the Lord Jesus Christ, and make not provision for the flesh, to fulfil the lusts thereof.

11And that, knowing the time, that now it is high time to awake out of sleep: for now is our salvation nearer than when we believed.

12The night is far spent, the day is at hand: let us therefore cast off the works of darkness, and let us put on the armour of light.

13Let us walk honestly, as in the day; not in rioting and drunkenness, not in chambering and wantonness, not in strife and envying.

14But put ye on the Lord Jesus Christ, and make not provision for the flesh, to fulfil the lusts thereof.

Commentary · verses 11-14

Put on Christ (cause) and make not provision (forethought) for the flesh. If you put on Christ, you are walking by the Spirit and an effect of that will be not having thoughts of fulfilling the lusts of the flesh.

Commentary · verse 14

Theme of Chapter 13: Paul built on the foundation of the previous chapter which showed us that we ought to love everyone and forgive so that God could equal out Justice for our benefit and the benefit of others who are no longer under mercy. Paul applied this concept to people who are in authority over us. Paul stated we have nothing to worry about if we are loving our neighbor, which was the fulfillment of the Law.

Where You Stopped

Romans 14

1But him that is weak in faith receive ye, yet not for decision of scruples.

1Him that is weak in the faith receive ye, but not to doubtful disputations.

Commentary · verse 1

Doctrine: Believers receive those weak in faith by helping them grow in faith and avoiding anything that would cause confusion to those weaker in the faith. When someone tells you that your behavior is causing them distress/confusion, you ought to avoid the behavior if that person admits they are weaker than you in the faith. If this person will not state they are weaker in the faith, they are in pride and trying to control you.

2One man hath faith to eat all things: but he that is weak eateth herbs.

3Let not him that eateth set at nought him that eateth not; and let not him that eateth not judge him that eateth: for God hath received him.

4Who art thou that judgest the servant of another? to his own lord he standeth or falleth. Yea, he shall be made to stand; for the Lord hath power to make him stand.

2For one believeth that he may eat all things: another, who is weak, eateth herbs.

3Let not him that eateth despise him that eateth not; and let not him which eateth not judge him that eateth: for God hath received him.

4Who art thou that judgest another man’s servant? to his own master he standeth or falleth. Yea, he shall be holden up: for God is able to make him stand.

Commentary · verses 2-4

Doctrine: God is the judge of other people, not us. The word "judge" in these verses was krino which meant "to take an action to equal out justice." This was not simply determining if someone was wrong. This was the same word used in Romans 2 and Romans 3, as well as Matthew 7. This was the opposite of forgiveness: to state your will you won't equal out justice. The rest of this chapter will take this concept further.

5One man esteemeth one day above another: another esteemeth every day alike. Let each man be fully assured in his own mind.

5One man esteemeth one day above another: another esteemeth every day alike. Let every man be fully persuaded in his own mind.

Commentary · verse 5

Doctrine: Being fully assured in your own mind meant having understanding, knowing the WHY! Clearly, the WHAT should not be the focus. In verse 2, Paul stated two different WHAT's (eating everything vs. eating only herbs). Paul wanted us to see that sin depended on faith (individual understanding and experience), our WHY and HOW, not the WHAT.

6He that regardeth the day, regardeth it unto the Lord: and he that eateth, eateth unto the Lord, for he giveth God thanks; and he that eateth not, unto the Lord he eateth not, and giveth God thanks.

7For none of us liveth to himself, and none dieth to himself.

8For whether we live, we live unto the Lord; or whether we die, we die unto the Lord: whether we live therefore, or die, we are the Lord’s.

6He that regardeth the day, regardeth it unto the Lord; and he that regardeth not the day, to the Lord he doth not regard it. He that eateth, eateth to the Lord, for he giveth God thanks; and he that eateth not, to the Lord he eateth not, and giveth God thanks.

7For none of us liveth to himself, and no man dieth to himself.

8For whether we live, we live unto the Lord; and whether we die, we die unto the Lord: whether we live therefore, or die, we are the Lord’s.

Commentary · verses 6-8

Doctrine: The WHY/HOW behind the actions you take are more important than WHAT your actions are.

9For to this end Christ died and lived again, that he might be Lord of both the dead and the living.

10But thou, why dost thou judge thy brother? or thou again, why dost thou set at nought thy brother? for we shall all stand before the judgment-seat of God.

9For to this end Christ both died, and rose, and revived, that he might be Lord both of the dead and living.

10But why dost thou judge thy brother? or why dost thou set at nought thy brother? for we shall all stand before the judgment seat of Christ.

Commentary · verses 9-10

Doctrine: God is the judge of other people, not us. We will all be judged, so we ought not to judge others. When you judge others you are stating your will, through your words and actions, that Christ will not judge and that God is not Just. This would be an example of not glorifying God, of not recognizing the value within Him. Paul stated this critical premise twice, which was first introduced at the end of Chapter 1 and the beginning of Chapter 2, and we can now see was one of the first effects of not glorifying Him as God.

11For it is written, As I live, saith the Lord, to me every knee shall bow, And every tongue shall confess to God.

11For it is written, As I live, saith the Lord, every knee shall bow to me, and every tongue shall confess to God.

Commentary · verse 11

Paul referenced Isaiah 45:23.

12So then each one of us shall give account of himself to God.

12So then every one of us shall give account of himself to God.

Commentary · verse 12

Doctrine: Everyone, believers and non-believers, will give an account of themselves to God.

13Let us not therefore judge one another any more: but judge ye this rather, that no man put a stumblingblock in his brother’s way, or an occasion of falling.

13Let us not therefore judge one another any more: but judge this rather, that no man put a stumblingblock or an occasion to fall in his brother’s way.

Commentary · verse 13

Doctrine: The only thing we ought to judge is a believer ("brother") putting a stumblingblock in the path of another believer. This is an action. Judge the stumblingblock in another believer's path. Even if the believer does not stumble, we still should judge the action, not the person. Despite Paul's repeated clear statements not to judge people, some "Christians" today want to interpret Jesus words in Matthew 7:1 ("Judge not, that ye be not judged") as Jesus encouraging us to judge and discouraging us from judging hypocritically. That misinterpretation would contradict everything we have read from Paul in this letter to the Romans.

14I know, and am persuaded in the Lord Jesus, that nothing is unclean of itself: save that to him who accounteth anything to be unclean, to him it is unclean.

14I know, and am persuaded by the Lord Jesus, that there is nothing unclean of itself: but to him that esteemeth any thing to be unclean, to him it is unclean.

Commentary · verse 14

Doctrine: Nothing is sin because of the WHAT. It is sin because of the faith of the person.

Doctrines on this passage

15For if because of meat thy brother is grieved, thou walkest no longer in love. Destroy not with thy meat him for whom Christ died.

15But if thy brother be grieved with thy meat, now walkest thou not charitably. Destroy not him with thy meat, for whom Christ died.

Commentary · verse 15

If your action puts a stumblingblock in the path of another believer, then you are not walking in love. This would be the opposite of thinking well of others, which would be an effect of not thinking well of God.

16Let not then your good be evil spoken of: 17for the kingdom of God is not eating and drinking, but righteousness and peace and joy in the Holy Spirit.

16Let not then your good be evil spoken of:

17For the kingdom of God is not meat and drink; but righteousness, and peace, and joy in the Holy Ghost.

Commentary · verses 16-17

Doctrine: The Kingdom of God is not physical: eating and drinking. The Kingdom of God is spiritual: Righteousness, peace, and joy in the Holy Spirit.

18For he that herein serveth Christ is well-pleasing to God, and approved of men.

19So then let us follow after things which make for peace, and things whereby we may edify one another.

18For he that in these things serveth Christ is acceptable to God, and approved of men.

19Let us therefore follow after the things which make for peace, and things wherewith one may edify another.

Commentary · verses 18-19

We ought to do things that edify (build up) each other and create harmony between people. We ought to think well of others as an effect of thinking well of God. Recognizing God's intrinsic value (His glory) will help people recognize the value within the people He created.

20Overthrow not for meat’s sake the work of God. All things indeed are clean; howbeit it is evil for that man who eateth with offence.

21It is good not to eat flesh, nor to drink wine, nor to do anything whereby thy brother stumbleth.

20For meat destroy not the work of God. All things indeed are pure; but it is evil for that man who eateth with offence.

21It is good neither to eat flesh, nor to drink wine, nor any thing whereby thy brother stumbleth, or is offended, or is made weak.

Commentary · verses 20-21

Doctrine: Anything we do that causes a brother to stumble is not good.

22The faith which thou hast, have thou to thyself before God. Happy is he that judgeth not himself in that which he approveth.

22Hast thou faith? have it to thyself before God. Happy is he that condemneth not himself in that thing which he alloweth.

Commentary · verse 22

Happy are those who do not condemn themselves (feel guilt) about the actions they choose to do. You can be happy when you know the cause behind your actions. If you feel guilt over an action, you have two choices:

  1. stop doing the action, or

  2. stop feeling guilty,

and the only way to remove guilt is to confess and repent.

23But he that doubteth is condemned if he eat, because he eateth not of faith; and whatsoever is not of faith is sin.

23And he that doubteth is damned if he eat, because he eateth not of faith: for whatsoever is not of faith is sin.

Commentary · verse 23

Doctrine: God's definition of "sin" is "whatsoever is not of faith." See also - James 4:17. Faith is built through understanding and experience. Sin is that which the individual does that is apart from their experience and understanding of what is right, otherwise they will feel guilt. This was the powerful conclusion that tied together everything Paul stated in this chapter.

Theme of Chapter 14: Paul built on the foundation of the previous chapter which showed us that we have nothing to worry about if we are loving our neighbor which was the fulfillment of the Law. Paul stated the only thing we ought to judge is a specific action: a believer putting a stumblingblock in the path of another believer. Paul gave the definition of sin: anything that is not of faith.

Doctrines on this passage

Where You Stopped

Romans 15

1Now we that are strong ought to bear the infirmities of the weak, and not to please ourselves.

1We then that are strong ought to bear the infirmities of the weak, and not to please ourselves.

Commentary · verse 1

Doctrine: Leaders bear pain, Leaders do not inflict pain. Leaders facilitate the purpose and progress of others, not themselves. This would be an effect of thinking well of others, which would be an effect of thinking well of God.

2Let each one of us please his neighbor for that which is good, unto edifying.

3For Christ also pleased not himself; but, as it is written, The reproaches of them that reproached thee fell upon me.

2Let every one of us please his neighbour for his good to edification.

3For even Christ pleased not himself; but, as it is written, The reproaches of them that reproached thee fell on me.

Commentary · verses 2-3

Paul used Christ as the example of leadership in that Christ did nothing for His own immediate benefit. Then Paul supported this with Psalm 69:9.

4For whatsoever things were written aforetime were written for our learning, that through patience and through comfort of the scriptures we might have hope.

4For whatsoever things were written aforetime were written for our learning, that we through patience and comfort of the scriptures might have hope.

Commentary · verse 4

The scriptures were written that we might have hope (faith). Paul blatantly gave the reason he consistently referenced scripture after presenting his premises: the scriptures were written for our learning.

5Now the God of patience and of comfort grant you to be of the same mind one with another according to Christ Jesus: 6that with one accord ye may with one mouth glorify the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ.

5Now the God of patience and consolation grant you to be likeminded one toward another according to Christ Jesus:

6That ye may with one mind and one mouth glorify God, even the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ.

Commentary · verses 5-6

We ought to be a body that is of one accord (like-minded; in agreement) so that we can glorify God. In light of everything we have read, this can be restated as: we ought to think well of each other so that we all together can think well of God.

7Wherefore receive ye one another, even as Christ also received you, to the glory of God.

8For I say that Christ hath been made a minister of the circumcision for the truth of God, that he might confirm the promises given unto the fathers, 9and that the Gentiles might glorify God for his mercy; as it is written, Therefore will I give praise unto thee among the Gentiles, And sing unto thy name.

7Wherefore receive ye one another, as Christ also received us to the glory of God.

8Now I say that Jesus Christ was a minister of the circumcision for the truth of God, to confirm the promises made unto the fathers:

9And that the Gentiles might glorify God for his mercy; as it is written, For this cause I will confess to thee among the Gentiles, and sing unto thy name.

Commentary · verses 7-9

Paul's premise: Christ confined His ministry to the Jews (circumcision) that He fulfilled the scriptures, not only that He confirmed the promises made to the Jews but that the Gentiles would receive Salvation. The Gentiles would recognize God's value to the point of praising Him: they would glorify Him as a result of recognizing His glory. Paul referenced Psalm 18:49.

10And again he saith, Rejoice, ye Gentiles, with his people.

10And again he saith, Rejoice, ye Gentiles, with his people.

Commentary · verse 10

Paul referenced Deuteronomy 32:43.

11And again, Praise the Lord, all ye Gentiles; And let all the peoples praise him.

11And again, Praise the Lord, all ye Gentiles; and laud him, all ye people.

Commentary · verse 11

Paul referenced Psalm 117:1.

12And again, Isaiah saith, There shall be the root of Jesse, And he that ariseth to rule over the Gentiles; On him shall the Gentiles hope.

12And again, Esaias saith, There shall be a root of Jesse, and he that shall rise to reign over the Gentiles; in him shall the Gentiles trust.

Commentary · verse 12

Paul referenced Isaiah 11:1. All of this was to support the premise that Christ ministered to the Jews and the Gentiles were eventually reached. This concluded Paul's teaching which was to present the fundamentals of Salvation and assure everyone that Salvation was available to all: both Jews and Gentiles depending on how they chose to think about God and have it reflect in their actions.

13Now the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace in believing, that ye may abound in hope, in the power of the Holy Spirit.

13Now the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace in believing, that ye may abound in hope, through the power of the Holy Ghost.

Commentary · verse 13

We abound (overflow, grow) in hope (faith) through the power of the Holy Spirit.

14And I myself also am persuaded of you, my brethren, that ye yourselves are full of goodness, filled with all knowledge, able also to admonish one another.

14And I myself also am persuaded of you, my brethren, that ye also are full of goodness, filled with all knowledge, able also to admonish one another.

Commentary · verse 14

Admonishing is different than judging. It is an attempt to make one aware of their behavior so it can be changed. It is not trying to equal out Justice (judging). Admonishing is an act of love.

15But I write the more boldly unto you in some measure, as putting you again in remembrance, because of the grace that was given me of God, 16that I should be a minister of Christ Jesus unto the Gentiles, ministering the gospel of God, that the offering up of the Gentiles might be made acceptable, being sanctified by the Holy Spirit.

15Nevertheless, brethren, I have written the more boldly unto you in some sort, as putting you in mind, because of the grace that is given to me of God,

16That I should be the minister of Jesus Christ to the Gentiles, ministering the gospel of God, that the offering up of the Gentiles might be acceptable, being sanctified by the Holy Ghost.

Commentary · verses 15-16

Paul spoke about the focus of his ministry being the Gentiles. We saw this focus on the Gentiles began in Acts 18:6 during Paul's second missionary journey.

17I have therefore my glorying in Christ Jesus in things pertaining to God.

18For I will not dare to speak of any things save those which Christ wrought through me, for the obedience of the Gentiles, by word and deed,

17I have therefore whereof I may glory through Jesus Christ in those things which pertain to God.

18For I will not dare to speak of any of those things which Christ hath not wrought by me, to make the Gentiles obedient, by word and deed,

Commentary · verses 17-18

Paul dared not to speak anything that was not by grace. Paul only wanted what he spoke and did to be Christ through him. This was grace, "the divine influence upon the heart, and its reflection in the life."

19in the power of signs and wonders, in the power of the Holy Spirit; so that from Jerusalem, and round about even unto Illyricum, I have fully preached the gospel of Christ; 20yea, making it my aim so to preach the gospel, not where Christ was already named, that I might not build upon another man’s foundation; 21but, as it is written, They shall see, to whom no tidings of him came, And they who have not heard shall understand.

19Through mighty signs and wonders, by the power of the Spirit of God; so that from Jerusalem, and round about unto Illyricum, I have fully preached the gospel of Christ.

20Yea, so have I strived to preach the gospel, not where Christ was named, lest I should build upon another man’s foundation:

21But as it is written, To whom he was not spoken of, they shall see: and they that have not heard shall understand.

Commentary · verses 19-21

Paul referenced Isaiah 52:15 to show that everyone will have an opportunity to choose whether they want to humble themselves and accept justification by faith.

22Wherefore also I was hindered these many times from coming to you: 23but now, having no more any place in these regions, and having these many years a longing to come unto you, 24whensoever I go unto Spain (for I hope to see you in my journey, and to be brought on my way thitherward by you, if first in some measure I shall have been satisfied with your company)—

22For which cause also I have been much hindered from coming to you.

23But now having no more place in these parts, and having a great desire these many years to come unto you;

24Whensoever I take my journey into Spain, I will come to you: for I trust to see you in my journey, and to be brought on my way thitherward by you, if first I be somewhat filled with your company.

Commentary · verses 22-24

Paul intended on going to Spain. There was no account in the New Testament that Paul ever made it to Spain. In fact, it looked as if Paul was hindered from making it to Spain by his incarceration in Rome.

25but now, I say, I go unto Jerusalem, ministering unto the saints.

25But now I go unto Jerusalem to minister unto the saints.

Commentary · verse 25

This letter was written during Paul's third missionary journey: Acts 20:1-6.

26For it hath been the good pleasure of Macedonia and Achaia to make a certain contribution for the poor among the saints that are at Jerusalem.

27Yea, it hath been their good pleasure; and their debtors they are. For if the Gentiles have been made partakers of their spiritual things, they owe it to them also to minister unto them in carnal things.

28When therefore I have accomplished this, and have sealed to them this fruit, I will go on by you unto Spain.

26For it hath pleased them of Macedonia and Achaia to make a certain contribution for the poor saints which are at Jerusalem.

27It hath pleased them verily; and their debtors they are. For if the Gentiles have been made partakers of their spiritual things, their duty is also to minister unto them in carnal things.

28When therefore I have performed this, and have sealed to them this fruit, I will come by you into Spain.

Commentary · verses 26-28

Paul had planned on stopping in Rome on his way to Spain.

29And I know that, when I come unto you, I shall come in the fulness of the blessing of Christ.

30Now I beseech you, brethren, by our Lord Jesus Christ, and by the love of the Spirit, that ye strive together with me in your prayers to God for me;

29And I am sure that, when I come unto you, I shall come in the fulness of the blessing of the gospel of Christ.

30Now I beseech you, brethren, for the Lord Jesus Christ’s sake, and for the love of the Spirit, that ye strive together with me in your prayers to God for me;

Commentary · verses 29-30

Paul asked for prayer.

31that I may be delivered from them that are disobedient in Judæa, and that my ministration which I have for Jerusalem may be acceptable to the saints; 32that I may come unto you in joy through the will of God, and together with you find rest.

31That I may be delivered from them that do not believe in Judea; and that my service which I have for Jerusalem may be accepted of the saints;

32That I may come unto you with joy by the will of God, and may with you be refreshed.

Commentary · verses 31-32

Paul was specific with his requests for prayer.

33Now the God of peace be with you all. Amen.

33Now the God of peace be with you all. Amen.

Commentary · verse 33

Theme of Chapter 15: Paul concluded his teaching where he began it. Paul presented the fundamentals of Salvation and assured everyone that through faith in Jesus Salvation was available to all: both Jews and Gentiles.

Where You Stopped

Romans 16

Commentary · verses 1-27

This last chapter was Paul greeting specific people within the Roman church.

1I commend unto you Phoebe our sister, who is a servant of the church that is at Cenchreæ:

1I commend unto you Phebe our sister, which is a servant of the church which is at Cenchrea:

Commentary · verse 1

Paul commended (to stand with) Phoebe, a servant of the church in Cenchreae.

2that ye receive her in the Lord, worthily of the saints, and that ye assist her in whatsoever matter she may have need of you: for she herself also hath been a helper of many, and of mine own self.

2That ye receive her in the Lord, as becometh saints, and that ye assist her in whatsoever business she hath need of you: for she hath been a succourer of many, and of myself also.

Commentary · verse 2

The KJV stated that Phoebe had been a "succourer of many." The word "succourer" meant "a woman set over others, a female guardian, protectress, patroness, caring for the affairs of others and aiding them with her resources." Phoebe was an exceptional leader!

3Salute Prisca and Aquila my fellow-workers in Christ Jesus,

3Greet Priscilla and Aquila my helpers in Christ Jesus:

Commentary · verse 3

Aquila and Prisca were Paul's fellow-workers.

4who for my life laid down their own necks; unto whom not only I give thanks, but also all the churches of the Gentiles: 5and salute the church that is in their house. Salute Epænetus my beloved, who is the firstfruits of Asia unto Christ.

4Who have for my life laid down their own necks: unto whom not only I give thanks, but also all the churches of the Gentiles.

5Likewise greet the church that is in their house. Salute my wellbeloved Epenetus, who is the firstfruits of Achaia unto Christ.

Commentary · verses 4-5

Paul mentioned a church in a "house." Remember from Acts 2, church was mentioned as being in temples and in homes.

6Salute Mary, who bestowed much labor on you.

7Salute Andronicus and Junias, my kinsmen, and my fellow-prisoners, who are of note among the apostles, who also have been in Christ before me.

8Salute Ampliatus my beloved in the Lord.

9Salute Urbanus our fellow-worker in Christ, and Stachys my beloved.

10Salute Apelles the approved in Christ. Salute them that are of the household of Aristobulus.

11Salute Herodion my kinsman. Salute them of the household of Narcissus, that are in the Lord.

6Greet Mary, who bestowed much labour on us.

7Salute Andronicus and Junia, my kinsmen, and my fellowprisoners, who are of note among the apostles, who also were in Christ before me.

8Greet Amplias my beloved in the Lord.

9Salute Urbane, our helper in Christ, and Stachys my beloved.

10Salute Apelles approved in Christ. Salute them which are of Aristobulus’ household.

11Salute Herodion my kinsman. Greet them that be of the household of Narcissus, which are in the Lord.

Commentary · verses 6-11

Paul referred to Herodion as his "kinsman." Herodion was a relative of Paul's.

12Salute Tryphæna and Tryphosa, who labor in the Lord. Salute Persis the beloved, who labored much in the Lord.

13Salute Rufus the chosen in the Lord, and his mother and mine.

12Salute Tryphena and Tryphosa, who labour in the Lord. Salute the beloved Persis, which laboured much in the Lord.

13Salute Rufus chosen in the Lord, and his mother and mine.

Commentary · verses 12-13

Rufus' mother acted towards Paul as a mother.

14Salute Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermes, Patrobas, Hermas, and the brethren that are with them.

15Salute Philologus and Julia, Nereus and his sister, and Olympas, and all the saints that are with them.

16Salute one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ salute you.

17Now I beseech you, brethren, mark them that are causing the divisions and occasions of stumbling, contrary to the doctrine which ye learned: and turn away from them.

14Salute Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermas, Patrobas, Hermes, and the brethren which are with them.

15Salute Philologus, and Julia, Nereus, and his sister, and Olympas, and all the saints which are with them.

16Salute one another with an holy kiss. The churches of Christ salute you.

17Now I beseech you, brethren, mark them which cause divisions and offences contrary to the doctrine which ye have learned; and avoid them.

Commentary · verses 14-17

Doctrine: "Mark" and "turn away" from those that cause divisions and occasions of stumbling that contradict the Apostles' Doctrine.

Doctrines on this passage

18For they that are such serve not our Lord Christ, but their own belly; and by their smooth and fair speech they beguile the hearts of the innocent.

18For they that are such serve not our Lord Jesus Christ, but their own belly; and by good words and fair speeches deceive the hearts of the simple.

Commentary · verse 18

Those who should be marked served themselves at the expense of others. They were also deceivers by their smooth and fair speech.

Doctrines on this passage

19For your obedience is come abroad unto all men. I rejoice therefore over you: but I would have you wise unto that which is good, and simple unto that which is evil.

20And the God of peace shall bruise Satan under your feet shortly. The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you.

21Timothy my fellow-worker saluteth you; and Lucius and Jason and Sosipater, my kinsmen.

19For your obedience is come abroad unto all men. I am glad therefore on your behalf: but yet I would have you wise unto that which is good, and simple concerning evil.

20And the God of peace shall bruise Satan under your feet shortly. The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you. Amen.

21Timotheus my workfellow, and Lucius, and Jason, and Sosipater, my kinsmen, salute you.

Commentary · verses 19-21

Timothy was with Paul when Paul wrote this letter.

Doctrines on this passage

22I Tertius, who write the epistle, salute you in the Lord.

22I Tertius, who wrote this epistle, salute you in the Lord.

Commentary · verse 22

Tertius wrote down Paul's words.

23Gaius my host, and of the whole church, saluteth you. Erastus the treasurer of the city saluteth you, and Quartus the brother.

24 25Now to him that is able to establish you according to my gospel and the preaching of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery which hath been kept in silence through times eternal, 26but now is manifested, and by the scriptures of the prophets, according to the commandment of the eternal God, is made known unto all the nations unto obedience of faith:

23Gaius mine host, and of the whole church, saluteth you. Erastus the chamberlain of the city saluteth you, and Quartus a brother.

24The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen.

25Now to him that is of power to stablish you according to my gospel, and the preaching of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery, which was kept secret since the world began,

26But now is made manifest, and by the scriptures of the prophets, according to the commandment of the everlasting God, made known to all nations for the obedience of faith:

Commentary · verses 23-26

The mystery has been made manifest: made visible, made known.

27to the only wise God, through Jesus Christ, to whom be the glory for ever. Amen.

27To God only wise, be glory through Jesus Christ for ever. Amen. Written to the Romans from Corinthus, and sent by Phebe servant of the church at Cenchrea.

Commentary · verse 27

The sixth book of the New Testament began the section known as the Pauline Epistles because it consisted of letters written by Paul. The Book of Romans was (chronologically) the sixth of Paul's letters. It was written about twenty-five years after Christ's resurrection. Paul wrote this letter while he was in Corinth and sent it to Rome by Phebe. Based on the material from the Book of Acts and the Corinthian epistles, the Book of Romans clearly indicated that it was written from Corinth on Paul's third missionary journey (see Acts 20:1-6). At this time, Paul had never visited Rome, but after ministering in Jerusalem, he hoped to go to Rome on his way to Spain: Romans 15:23-25).

(The Book of Romans was placed first because it presented the most basic explanation of Christian Doctrine, specifically the Doctrine of Salvation. Paul proved that Salvation was available to all: both Jews and Gentiles. Paul presented the foundation of Christian Doctrine in the form of a logical argument, each premise was built on the previous presentation. Consequently, it was vital that we understood each chapter before progressing through this book, otherwise, we would arrive at a wrong understanding, especially as it related to the topics discussed in the later chapters. We saw that when this book was misinterpreted, it was a result of ignoring what Paul previously wrote and the misinterpreter creating their own context.

Doctrines on this passage

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