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Acts

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Acts 1

1The former treatise I made, O Theophilus, concerning all that Jesus began both to do and to teach,

1The former treatise have I made, O Theophilus, of all that Jesus began both to do and teach,

Commentary · verse 1

Luke wrote this book to Theophilus just as he did with his Gospel Account. "Theophilus" meant "lover of God." There was some dispute whether Luke used this name because he wrote to a specific person named Theophilus or wrote to everyone who was a "lover of God." Regardless, this book clearly came after Luke's Gospel Account.

2until the day in which he was received up, after that he had given commandment through the Holy Spirit unto the apostles whom he had chosen: 3to whom he also showed himself alive after his passion by many proofs, appearing unto them by the space of forty days, and speaking the things concerning the kingdom of God:

2Until the day in which he was taken up, after that he through the Holy Ghost had given commandments unto the apostles whom he had chosen:

3To whom also he shewed himself alive after his passion by many infallible proofs, being seen of them forty days, and speaking of the things pertaining to the kingdom of God:

Commentary · verses 2-3

Jesus was seen of the Apostles for forty days after His resurrection. In this commentary, we will refer to the twelve as Disciples and "Apostles" while referring to all other followers of Jesus as disciples and "apostles".

4and, being assembled together with them, he charged them not to depart from Jerusalem, but to wait for the promise of the Father, which, said he, ye heard from me: 5for John indeed baptized with water; but ye shall be baptized in the Holy Spirit not many days hence.

4And, being assembled together with them, commanded them that they should not depart from Jerusalem, but wait for the promise of the Father, which, saith he, ye have heard of me.

5For John truly baptized with water; but ye shall be baptized with the Holy Ghost not many days hence.

Commentary · verses 4-5

Jesus commanded them to wait in Jerusalem for the promise of the Father because they would be baptized with the Holy Spirit very soon, within days. The promise was the coming of the Holy Spirit.

6They therefore, when they were come together, asked him, saying, Lord, dost thou at this time restore the kingdom to Israel?

6When they therefore were come together, they asked of him, saying, Lord, wilt thou at this time restore again the kingdom to Israel?

Commentary · verse 6

The Apostles wanted to know if Jesus was speaking of restoring the kingdom of Israel.

7And he said unto them, It is not for you to know times or seasons, which the Father hath set within his own authority.

8But ye shall receive power, when the Holy Spirit is come upon you: and ye shall be my witnesses both in Jerusalem, and in all Judæa and Samaria, and unto the uttermost part of the earth.

7And he said unto them, It is not for you to know the times or the seasons, which the Father hath put in his own power.

8But ye shall receive power, after that the Holy Ghost is come upon you: and ye shall be witnesses unto me both in Jerusalem, and in all Judea, and in Samaria, and unto the uttermost part of the earth.

Commentary · verses 7-8

Jesus responded by saying it was not for them to know the times and seasons in the power of the Father but they would receive power from the Holy Spirit and would be witnesses of Jesus to the whole world.

9And when he had said these things, as they were looking, he was taken up; and a cloud received him out of their sight.

9And when he had spoken these things, while they beheld, he was taken up; and a cloud received him out of their sight.

Commentary · verse 9

Right after Jesus spoke these words He was taken up to heaven.

10And while they were looking stedfastly into heaven as he went, behold two men stood by them in white apparel; 11who also said, Ye men of Galilee, why stand ye looking into heaven? this Jesus, who was received up from you into heaven, shall so come in like manner as ye beheld him going into heaven.

10And while they looked stedfastly toward heaven as he went up, behold, two men stood by them in white apparel;

11Which also said, Ye men of Galilee, why stand ye gazing up into heaven? this same Jesus, which is taken up from you into heaven, shall so come in like manner as ye have seen him go into heaven.

Commentary · verses 10-11

Two men in white apparel (angels) told the Apostles that Jesus would return the same way He left, physically from the clouds.

12Then returned they unto Jerusalem from the mount called Olivet, which is nigh unto Jerusalem, a sabbath day’s journey off.

13And when they were come in, they went up into the upper chamber, where they were abiding; both Peter and John and James and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James the son of Alphæus, and Simon the Zealot, and Judas the son of James.

12Then returned they unto Jerusalem from the mount called Olivet, which is from Jerusalem a sabbath day’s journey.

13And when they were come in, they went up into an upper room, where abode both Peter, and James, and John, and Andrew, Philip, and Thomas, Bartholomew, and Matthew, James the son of Alpheus, and Simon Zelotes, and Judas the brother of James.

Commentary · verses 12-13

The eleven (Judas Iscariot was dead) were in the upper room where Jesus told them to wait. Notice, Mark and Luke were not Disciples. Bartholomew was also known as Nathanael. James the son of Alphaeus was known as "James the lesser." The KJV stated Judas was "the brother of James," which was James the lesser. Simon the Zealot was also believed to be a brother of James and Judas. In fact, these three were believed to be brothers of Matthew, which would be why these last four names were mentioned in order. Notice, Matthew was a tax collector. Simon the Zealot was so referenced because he was a member of a fanatical Jewish party that openly rebelled against Rome. Not much was known about James the Lesser. As for Judas, he was also referred to as Jude and wrote the penultimate book of the New Testament. The Book of Jude was a one chapter book that was almost not included as canonical because of its reference to the Book of Enoch. Of the twelve Disciples, there were three sets of duplicate names: Simon, James, and Judas. One set were believed to be brothers and not as much was known about them as was recorded about their namesakes, however, it appeared they were passionate men who spoke boldly.

14These all with one accord continued stedfastly in prayer, with the women, and Mary the mother of Jesus, and with his brethren.

14These all continued with one accord in prayer and supplication, with the women, and Mary the mother of Jesus, and with his brethren.

Commentary · verse 14

They all continued with one accord (with one mind; with one passion; in fellowship) in prayer with the women, Jesus' mother Mary, and with Jesus' siblings. At the very least, we would expect the women present at the tomb during Jesus' resurrection would be present at this moment.

15And in these days Peter stood up in the midst of the brethren, and said (and there was a multitude of persons gathered together, about a hundred and twenty),

15And in those days Peter stood up in the midst of the disciples, and said, (the number of names together were about an hundred and twenty,)

Commentary · verse 15

The number of disciples was about 120. There were eleven Disciples and each Disciple could have been the leader over ten people.

16Brethren, it was needful that the scripture should be fulfilled, which the Holy Spirit spake before by the mouth of David concerning Judas, who was guide to them that took Jesus.

16Men and brethren, this scripture must needs have been fulfilled, which the Holy Ghost by the mouth of David spake before concerning Judas, which was guide to them that took Jesus.

Commentary · verse 16

Peter was speaking of Judas Iscariot. The Psalm he referenced (Psalm 109:8) said to "let another take his office."

17For he was numbered among us, and received his portion in this ministry.

18(Now this man obtained a field with the reward of his iniquity; and falling headlong, he burst asunder in the midst, and all his bowels gushed out.

19And it became known to all the dwellers at Jerusalem; insomuch that in their language that field was called Akeldama, that is, The field of blood.)

20For it is written in the book of Psalms, Let his habitation be made desolate, And let no man dwell therein: and, His office let another take.

17For he was numbered with us, and had obtained part of this ministry.

18Now this man purchased a field with the reward of iniquity; and falling headlong, he burst asunder in the midst, and all his bowels gushed out.

19And it was known unto all the dwellers at Jerusalem; insomuch as that field is called in their proper tongue, Aceldama, that is to say, The field of blood.

20For it is written in the book of Psalms, Let his habitation be desolate, and let no man dwell therein: and his bishoprick let another take.

Commentary · verses 17-20

Peter referenced Psalm 69:25 and Psalm 109:8.

21Of the men therefore that have companied with us all the time that the Lord Jesus went in and went out among us, 22beginning from the baptism of John, unto the day that he was received up from us, of these must one become a witness with us of his resurrection.

21Wherefore of these men which have companied with us all the time that the Lord Jesus went in and out among us,

22Beginning from the baptism of John, unto that same day that he was taken up from us, must one be ordained to be a witness with us of his resurrection.

Commentary · verses 21-22

Peter said that one of the men that was with them since Jesus' baptism by John the Baptist must be ordained to be a witness of Jesus' resurrection. Verse 22 is often interpreted to mean that the requirement for all apostles was to have seen Jesus after His resurrection, which would mean that there are no more apostles today. This verse did not say that. The Apostles of that time wanted that to be a requirement for the sake of their ministry to the early believers. This does not mean that there have not been apostles since that time. Actually, according to Ephesians 4:11, Jesus would continue to give apostles to His Church.

23And they put forward two, Joseph called Barsabbas, who was surnamed Justus, and Matthias.

23And they appointed two, Joseph called Barsabas, who was surnamed Justus, and Matthias.

Commentary · verse 23

The decision was between two men: Joseph called Barsabbas, who was surnamed Justus, and Matthias. In this verse, "put forward" was also translated as "nominated." There may have been more than these two men who fit the description, however, only two were nominated.

24And they prayed, and said, Thou, Lord, who knowest the hearts of all men, show of these two the one whom thou hast chosen, 25to take the place in this ministry and apostleship from which Judas fell away, that he might go to his own place.

24And they prayed, and said, Thou, Lord, which knowest the hearts of all men, shew whether of these two thou hast chosen,

25That he may take part of this ministry and apostleship, from which Judas by transgression fell, that he might go to his own place.

Commentary · verses 24-25

They prayed that God would choose between these two men who should fill Judas' position.

Doctrine: The blame for Judas' fall was put completely on Judas. This verse did not say, "...apostleship from which Judas was predestined to fall away from..."

26And they gave lots for them; and the lot fell upon Matthias; and he was numbered with the eleven apostles.

26And they gave forth their lots; and the lot fell upon Matthias; and he was numbered with the eleven apostles.

Commentary · verse 26

They cast lots and the lot fell on Matthias who was then numbered with the eleven Apostles. Basically, their names were written on parchment, wood, or stone and placed into a container. They would pray and select the name. Some people wonder if Paul was the Apostle who ought to have filled this role or that Paul actually did fill this role regardless of the casting of lots. The last half of verse 26 showed the Holy Spirit considered Matthias to be numbered with the Apostles, while 1 Corinthians 15:5-8 showed Paul did not consider himself as one of the twelve.

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