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2 Samuel

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2 Samuel 3

1Now there was long war between the house of Saul and the house of David: and David waxed stronger and stronger, but the house of Saul waxed weaker and weaker.

1Now there was long war between the house of Saul and the house of David: but David waxed stronger and stronger, and the house of Saul waxed weaker and weaker.

Commentary · verse 1

There was a family feud between Saul's and David's house. While David's house grew stronger, Saul's grew weaker. Unfortunately for the nation, this family feud resulted in a long civil war.

2And unto David were sons born in Hebron: and his first-born was Amnon, of Ahinoam the Jezreelitess; 3and his second, Chileab, of Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite; and the third, Absalom the son of Maacah the daughter of Talmai king of Geshur; 4and the fourth, Adonijah the son of Haggith; and the fifth, Shephatiah the son of Abital; 5and the sixth, Ithream, of Eglah, David’s wife. These were born to David in Hebron.

2And unto David were sons born in Hebron: and his firstborn was Amnon, of Ahinoam the Jezreelitess;

3And his second, Chileab, of Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite; and the third, Absalom the son of Maacah the daughter of Talmai king of Geshur;

4And the fourth, Adonijah the son of Haggith; and the fifth, Shephatiah the son of Abital;

5And the sixth, Ithream, by Eglah David’s wife. These were born to David in Hebron.

Commentary · verses 2-5

The mothers of David's sons were: Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, Abigal the Carmelite, Maacah the Geshur, Haggith, Abital, and Eglah. David acquired more wives/concubines. This chapter did begin with: "Now there was long war..."

6And it came to pass, while there was war between the house of Saul and the house of David, that Abner made himself strong in the house of Saul.

6And it came to pass, while there was war between the house of Saul and the house of David, that Abner made himself strong for the house of Saul.

Commentary · verse 6

Was it Abner's plan to side with a "weak" man from the house of Saul in order to gain more power for himself?

7Now Saul had a concubine, whose name was Rizpah, the daughter of Aiah: and Ish-bosheth said to Abner, Wherefore hast thou gone in unto my father’s concubine?

8Then was Abner very wroth for the words of Ish-bosheth, and said, Am I a dog’s head that belongeth to Judah? This day do I show kindness unto the house of Saul thy father, to his brethren, and to his friends, and have not delivered thee into the hand of David; and yet thou chargest me this day with a fault concerning this woman.

7And Saul had a concubine, whose name was Rizpah, the daughter of Aiah: and Ish–bosheth said to Abner, Wherefore hast thou gone in unto my father’s concubine?

8Then was Abner very wroth for the words of Ish–bosheth, and said, Am I a dog’s head, which against Judah do shew kindness this day unto the house of Saul thy father, to his brethren, and to his friends, and have not delivered thee into the hand of David, that thou chargest me to day with a fault concerning this woman?

Commentary · verses 7-8

Abner was accused of "going in unto" one of Saul's concubines and was very offended by the accusation.

9God do so to Abner, and more also, if, as Jehovah hath sworn to David, I do not even so to him; 10to transfer the kingdom from the house of Saul, and to set up the throne of David over Israel and over Judah, from Dan even to Beer-sheba.

11And he could not answer Abner another word, because he feared him.

9So do God to Abner, and more also, except, as the LORD hath sworn to David, even so I do to him;

10To translate the kingdom from the house of Saul, and to set up the throne of David over Israel and over Judah, from Dan even to Beer–sheba.

11And he could not answer Abner a word again, because he feared him.

Commentary · verses 9-11

Abner told Ish-bosheth that he would now support David and help David fulfill what God had promised him.

12And Abner sent messengers to David on his behalf, saying, Whose is the land? saying also, Make thy league with me, and, behold, my hand shall be with thee, to bring about all Israel unto thee.

13And he said, Well; I will make a league with thee; but one thing I require of thee: that is, thou shalt not see my face, except thou first bring Michal, Saul’s daughter, when thou comest to see my face.

14And David sent messengers to Ish-bosheth, Saul’s son, saying, Deliver me my wife Michal, whom I betrothed to me for a hundred foreskins of the Philistines.

12And Abner sent messengers to David on his behalf, saying, Whose is the land? saying also, Make thy league with me, and, behold, my hand shall be with thee, to bring about all Israel unto thee.

13And he said, Well; I will make a league with thee: but one thing I require of thee, that is, Thou shalt not see my face, except thou first bring Michal Saul’s daughter, when thou comest to see my face.

14And David sent messengers to Ish–bosheth Saul’s son, saying, Deliver me my wife Michal, which I espoused to me for an hundred foreskins of the Philistines.

Commentary · verses 12-14

Abner wanted to make a league (covenant) with David which came with the condition that Abner would "bring about all Israel" to David. David said only if he got his wife Michal back.

15And Ish-bosheth sent, and took her from her husband, even from Paltiel the son of Laish.

16And her husband went with her, weeping as he went, and followed her to Bahurim. Then said Abner unto him, Go, return: and he returned.

15And Ish–bosheth sent, and took her from her husband, even from Phaltiel the son of Laish.

16And her husband went with her along weeping behind her to Bahurim. Then said Abner unto him, Go, return. And he returned.

Commentary · verses 15-16

Michal's husband followed after her but Abner told him to go back to his home. Abner must have been a man of "reputation." In just this chapter, he put great amounts of fear into the king of Israel and into a man whose wife was taken from him, neither of the men fighting back.

17And Abner had communication with the elders of Israel, saying, In times past ye sought for David to be king over you: 18now then do it; for Jehovah hath spoken of David, saying, By the hand of my servant David I will save my people Israel out of the hand of the Philistines, and out of the hand of all their enemies.

19And Abner also spake in the ears of Benjamin: and Abner went also to speak in the ears of David in Hebron all that seemed good to Israel, and to the whole house of Benjamin.

17And Abner had communication with the elders of Israel, saying, Ye sought for David in times past to be king over you:

18Now then do it: for the LORD hath spoken of David, saying, By the hand of my servant David I will save my people Israel out of the hand of the Philistines, and out of the hand of all their enemies.

19And Abner also spake in the ears of Benjamin: and Abner went also to speak in the ears of David in Hebron all that seemed good to Israel, and that seemed good to the whole house of Benjamin.

Commentary · verses 17-19

Abner made his endorsement of David as king of Israel known to the elders of Israel.

20So Abner came to David to Hebron, and twenty men with him. And David made Abner and the men that were with him a feast.

21And Abner said unto David, I will arise and go, and will gather all Israel unto my lord the king, that they may make a covenant with thee, and that thou mayest reign over all that thy soul desireth. And David sent Abner away; and he went in peace.

20So Abner came to David to Hebron, and twenty men with him. And David made Abner and the men that were with him a feast.

21And Abner said unto David, I will arise and go, and will gather all Israel unto my lord the king, that they may make a league with thee, and that thou mayest reign over all that thine heart desireth. And David sent Abner away; and he went in peace.

Commentary · verses 20-21

David received Abner and his men with a feast. Next, Abner would bring all of Israel to David so they could all come into agreement (covenant) with David being king.

22And, behold, the servants of David and Joab came from a foray, and brought in a great spoil with them: but Abner was not with David in Hebron; for he had sent him away, and he was gone in peace.

22And, behold, the servants of David and Joab came from pursuing a troop, and brought in a great spoil with them: but Abner was not with David in Hebron; for he had sent him away, and he was gone in peace.

Commentary · verse 22

By the time Joab had returned, Abner was gone "campaigning" for David. Remember, Abner killed Joab's brother (in self-defense).

23When Joab and all the host that was with him were come, they told Joab, saying, Abner the son of Ner came to the king, and he hath sent him away, and he is gone in peace.

24Then Joab came to the king, and said, What hast thou done? behold, Abner came unto thee; why is it that thou hast sent him away, and he is quite gone?

25Thou knowest Abner the son of Ner, that he came to deceive thee, and to know thy going out and thy coming in, and to know all that thou doest.

23When Joab and all the host that was with him were come, they told Joab, saying, Abner the son of Ner came to the king, and he hath sent him away, and he is gone in peace.

24Then Joab came to the king, and said, What hast thou done? behold, Abner came unto thee; why is it that thou hast sent him away, and he is quite gone?

25Thou knowest Abner the son of Ner, that he came to deceive thee, and to know thy going out and thy coming in, and to know all that thou doest.

Commentary · verses 23-25

Joab told David that Abner was deceiving him. Joab seemed upset that Abner was in David's presence and then was sent away "in peace." Joab still wanted to equal out Justice.

26And when Joab was come out from David, he sent messengers after Abner, and they brought him back from the well of Sirah: but David knew it not.

27And when Abner was returned to Hebron, Joab took him aside into the midst of the gate to speak with him quietly, and smote him there in the body, so that he died, for the blood of Asahel his brother.

26And when Joab was come out from David, he sent messengers after Abner, which brought him again from the well of Sirah: but David knew it not.

27And when Abner was returned to Hebron, Joab took him aside in the gate to speak with him quietly, and smote him there under the fifth rib, that he died, for the blood of Asahel his brother.

Commentary · verses 26-27

Joab killed Abner because he killed his brother Asahel. Joab deceived and killed Abner without David knowing about it. If this was the right move on Joab's part, why would he hide it from David?

28And afterward, when David heard it, he said, I and my kingdom are guiltless before Jehovah for ever of the blood of Abner the son of Ner: 29let it fall upon the head of Joab, and upon all his father’s house; and let there not fail from the house of Joab one that hath an issue, or that is a leper, or that leaneth on a staff, or that falleth by the sword, or that lacketh bread.

28And afterward when David heard it, he said, I and my kingdom are guiltless before the LORD for ever from the blood of Abner the son of Ner:

29Let it rest on the head of Joab, and on all his father’s house; and let there not fail from the house of Joab one that hath an issue, or that is a leper, or that leaneth on a staff, or that falleth on the sword, or that lacketh bread.

Commentary · verses 28-29

David stated he and the kingdom were innocent for the blood of Abner. David stated the guilt would be on Joab and his family and "cursed" them. The phrase, "let there not fail from the house of Joab..." actually meant, "May the family of Joab be cursed in every generation..."

Commentary · verse 29

As king, David stated the will for the nation that Joab acted apart from the nation. Joab and David would continue to have some complex situations between the two of them.

30So Joab and Abishai his brother slew Abner, because he had killed their brother Asahel at Gibeon in the battle.

31And David said to Joab, and to all the people that were with him, Rend your clothes, and gird you with sackcloth, and mourn before Abner. And king David followed the bier.

30So Joab and Abishai his brother slew Abner, because he had slain their brother Asahel at Gibeon in the battle.

31And David said to Joab, and to all the people that were with him, Rend your clothes, and gird you with sackcloth, and mourn before Abner. And king David himself followed the bier.

Commentary · verses 30-31

When David "followed the bier" it was similar to someone today walking behind the procession to the grave.

32And they buried Abner in Hebron: and the king lifted up his voice, and wept at the grave of Abner; and all the people wept.

33And the king lamented for Abner, and said, Should Abner die as a fool dieth?

32And they buried Abner in Hebron: and the king lifted up his voice, and wept at the grave of Abner; and all the people wept.

33And the king lamented over Abner, and said, Died Abner as a fool dieth?

Commentary · verses 32-33

Why was David so sad about Abner's death? Abner was Saul's cousin and David covenanted with Jonathan regarding taking care of Saul's family. Did David feel responsible for Abner's death?

34Thy hands were not bound, nor thy feet put into fetters: As a man falleth before the children of iniquity, so didst thou fall. And all the people wept again over him.

35And all the people came to cause David to eat bread while it was yet day; but David sware, saying, God do so to me, and more also, if I taste bread, or aught else, till the sun be down.

36And all the people took notice of it, and it pleased them; as whatsoever the king did pleased all the people.

34Thy hands were not bound, nor thy feet put into fetters: as a man falleth before wicked men, so fellest thou. And all the people wept again over him.

35And when all the people came to cause David to eat meat while it was yet day, David sware, saying, So do God to me, and more also, if I taste bread, or ought else, till the sun be down.

36And all the people took notice of it, and it pleased them: as whatsoever the king did pleased all the people.

Commentary · verses 34-36

David's actions pleased the people, their purpose and progress was facilitated by their king.

37So all the people and all Israel understood that day that it was not of the king to slay Abner the son of Ner.

38And the king said unto his servants, Know ye not that there is a prince and a great man fallen this day in Israel?

39And I am this day weak, though anointed king; and these men the sons of Zeruiah are too hard for me: Jehovah reward the evil-doer according to his wickedness.

37For all the people and all Israel understood that day that it was not of the king to slay Abner the son of Ner.

38And the king said unto his servants, Know ye not that there is a prince and a great man fallen this day in Israel?

39And I am this day weak, though anointed king; and these men the sons of Zeruiah be too hard for me: the LORD shall reward the doer of evil according to his wickedness.

Commentary · verses 37-39

David's mourning of Abner caused the people to feel confident that their king was righteous. The people were able to confidently support David as king.

Commentary · verse 39

2 Samuel 1-3 covered David's first actions as king: having the Amalekite killed that claimed to have killed Saul and David becoming king over a united Israel.

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