2 Samuel
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2 Samuel 2
2 Samuel 2
1And it came to pass after this, that David inquired of Jehovah, saying, Shall I go up into any of the cities of Judah? And Jehovah said unto him, Go up. And David said, Whither shall I go up? And he said, Unto Hebron.
1And it came to pass after this, that David enquired of the LORD, saying, Shall I go up into any of the cities of Judah? And the LORD said unto him, Go up. And David said, Whither shall I go up? And he said, Unto Hebron.
Commentary · verse 1
2So David went up thither, and his two wives also, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite.
3And his men that were with him did David bring up, every man with his household: and they dwelt in the cities of Hebron.
4And the men of Judah came, and there they anointed David king over the house of Judah. And they told David, saying, The men of Jabesh-gilead were they that buried Saul.
2So David went up thither, and his two wives also, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail Nabal’s wife the Carmelite.
3And his men that were with him did David bring up, every man with his household: and they dwelt in the cities of Hebron.
4And the men of Judah came, and there they anointed David king over the house of Judah. And they told David, saying, That the men of Jabesh–gilead were they that buried Saul.
Commentary · verses 2-4
David was anointed King of Judah. David still didn't seize the throne. He was approached by men of Judah. Who was king over the rest of Israel?
5And David sent messengers unto the men of Jabesh-gilead, and said unto them, Blessed be ye of Jehovah, that ye have showed this kindness unto your lord, even unto Saul, and have buried him.
6And now Jehovah show lovingkindness and truth unto you: and I also will requite you this kindness, because ye have done this thing.
7Now therefore let your hands be strong, and be ye valiant; for Saul your lord is dead, and also the house of Judah have anointed me king over them.
5And David sent messengers unto the men of Jabesh–gilead, and said unto them, Blessed be ye of the LORD, that ye have shewed this kindness unto your lord, even unto Saul, and have buried him.
6And now the LORD shew kindness and truth unto you: and I also will requite you this kindness, because ye have done this thing.
7Therefore now let your hands be strengthened, and be ye valiant: for your master Saul is dead, and also the house of Judah have anointed me king over them.
Commentary · verses 5-7
David blessed the men of Jabesh-gilead for taking down the displayed bodies of Saul and his sons and for burying them (1 Samuel 31:11-13).
8Now Abner the son of Ner, captain of Saul’s host, had taken Ish-bosheth the son of Saul, and brought him over to Mahanaim; 9and he made him king over Gilead, and over the Ashurites, and over Jezreel, and over Ephraim, and over Benjamin, and over all Israel.
8But Abner the son of Ner, captain of Saul’s host, took Ish–bosheth the son of Saul, and brought him over to Mahanaim;
9And made him king over Gilead, and over the Ashurites, and over Jezreel, and over Ephraim, and over Benjamin, and over all Israel.
Commentary · verses 8-9
Abner, Saul's General and cousin (1 Samuel 14:50), made Saul's son Ish-bosheth King of Israel, which included Ephraim and Benjamin. Abner had been humiliated by David during a run-in that David had with Saul (1 Samuel 26) when David accused Abner of not protecting his king well. It makes sense that Abner would have wanted someone other than David set up as king. Also, it would have been tradition in the surrounding nations to promote from within the bloodline.
10Ish-bosheth, Saul’s son, was forty years old when he began to reign over Israel, and he reigned two years. But the house of Judah followed David.
11And the time that David was king in Hebron over the house of Judah was seven years and six months.
12And Abner the son of Ner, and the servants of Ish-bosheth the son of Saul, went out from Mahanaim to Gibeon.
13And Joab the son of Zeruiah, and the servants of David, went out, and met them by the pool of Gibeon; and they sat down, the one on the one side of the pool, and the other on the other side of the pool.
10Ish–bosheth Saul’s son was forty years old when he began to reign over Israel, and reigned two years. But the house of Judah followed David.
11And the time that David was king in Hebron over the house of Judah was seven years and six months.
12And Abner the son of Ner, and the servants of Ish–bosheth the son of Saul, went out from Mahanaim to Gibeon.
13And Joab the son of Zeruiah, and the servants of David, went out, and met together by the pool of Gibeon: and they sat down, the one on the one side of the pool, and the other on the other side of the pool.
Commentary · verses 10-13
A confrontation happened between Joab and Abner, two great military men. Joab was David's nephew (1 Samuel 26:6). Joab was a complex man. Pay attention to the events that surrounded him.
14And Abner said to Joab, Let the young men, I pray thee, arise and play before us. And Joab said, Let them arise.
15Then they arose and went over by number: twelve for Benjamin, and for Ish-bosheth the son of Saul, and twelve of the servants of David.
14And Abner said to Joab, Let the young men now arise, and play before us. And Joab said, Let them arise.
15Then there arose and went over by number twelve of Benjamin, which pertained to Ish–bosheth the son of Saul, and twelve of the servants of David.
Commentary · verses 14-15
A contest was set up that was initiated by Abner which would ultimately begin a civil war. Twelve men from Benjamin were on Ish-bosheth's side. Remember, Saul was a Benjamite. Joab's twelve men were from Judah.
16And they caught every one his fellow by the head, and thrust his sword in his fellow’s side; so they fell down together: wherefore that place was called Helkath-hazzurim, which is in Gibeon.
16And they caught every one his fellow by the head, and thrust his sword in his fellow’s side; so they fell down together: wherefore that place was called Helkath–hazzurim, which is in Gibeon.
Commentary · verse 16
All twenty-four men died during this contest. "Helkath-hazzurim" meant "field of swords" or more specifically "the field of sharp swords."
17And the battle was very sore that day; and Abner was beaten, and the men of Israel, before the servants of David.
17And there was a very sore battle that day; and Abner was beaten, and the men of Israel, before the servants of David.
Commentary · verse 17
Verse 17 spoke of "the battle" between the armies, this was after the "contest" that was recorded in verse 16. The battle between the armies was great that day. Abner (from Israel/Saul) was beaten by Joab (from Judah/David).
18And the three sons of Zeruiah were there, Joab, and Abishai, and Asahel: and Asahel was as light of foot as a wild roe.
18And there were three sons of Zeruiah there, Joab, and Abishai, and Asahel: and Asahel was as light of foot as a wild roe.
Commentary · verse 18
Zeruiah was David's sister (1 Chronicles 2:16). Asahel was so fast they compared him to a wild roe/gazelle.
19And Asahel pursued after Abner; and in going he turned not to the right hand nor to the left from following Abner.
20Then Abner looked behind him, and said, Is it thou, Asahel? And he answered, It is I.
21And Abner said to him, Turn thee aside to thy right hand or to thy left, and lay thee hold on one of the young men, and take thee his armor. But Asahel would not turn aside from following him.
19And Asahel pursued after Abner; and in going he turned not to the right hand nor to the left from following Abner.
20Then Abner looked behind him, and said, Art thou Asahel? And he answered, I am.
21And Abner said to him, Turn thee aside to thy right hand or to thy left, and lay thee hold on one of the young men, and take thee his armour. But Asahel would not turn aside from following of him.
Commentary · verses 19-21
It seemed that Asahel was pursuing Abner partially for the glory he'd receive for killing the General of the Israelite army and taking his armor as a trophy.
22And Abner said again to Asahel, Turn thee aside from following me: wherefore should I smite thee to the ground? how then should I hold up my face to Joab thy brother?
22And Abner said again to Asahel, Turn thee aside from following me: wherefore should I smite thee to the ground? how then should I hold up my face to Joab thy brother?
Commentary · verse 22
Asahel chased down Abner relentlessly. Abner warned Asahel but it did nothing to stop him...
23Howbeit he refused to turn aside: wherefore Abner with the hinder end of the spear smote him in the body, so that the spear came out behind him; and he fell down there, and died in the same place: and it came to pass, that as many as came to the place where Asahel fell down and died stood still.
23Howbeit he refused to turn aside: wherefore Abner with the hinder end of the spear smote him under the fifth rib, that the spear came out behind him; and he fell down there, and died in the same place: and it came to pass, that as many as came to the place where Asahel fell down and died stood still.
Commentary · verse 23
Abner killed Asahel, Joab's brother.
24But Joab and Abishai pursued after Abner: and the sun went down when they were come to the hill of Ammah, that lieth before Giah by the way of the wilderness of Gibeon.
24Joab also and Abishai pursued after Abner: and the sun went down when they were come to the hill of Ammah, that lieth before Giah by the way of the wilderness of Gibeon.
Commentary · verse 24
Regardless of Abner killing Asahel in self-defense, Joab and Abishai still chased him down.
25And the children of Benjamin gathered themselves together after Abner, and became one band, and stood on the top of a hill.
26Then Abner called to Joab, and said, Shall the sword devour for ever? knowest thou not that it will be bitterness in the latter end? how long shall it be then, ere thou bid the people return from following their brethren?
27And Joab said, As God liveth, if thou hadst not spoken, surely then in the morning the people had gone away, nor followed every one his brother.
28So Joab blew the trumpet; and all the people stood still, and pursued after Israel no more, neither fought they any more.
25And the children of Benjamin gathered themselves together after Abner, and became one troop, and stood on the top of an hill.
26Then Abner called to Joab, and said, Shall the sword devour for ever? knowest thou not that it will be bitterness in the latter end? how long shall it be then, ere thou bid the people return from following their brethren?
27And Joab said, As God liveth, unless thou hadst spoken, surely then in the morning the people had gone up every one from following his brother.
28So Joab blew a trumpet, and all the people stood still, and pursued after Israel no more, neither fought they any more.
Commentary · verses 25-28
Abner attempted to negotiate peace. Joab accepted. Joab was in charge. The men with him took direction from him.
29And Abner and his men went all that night through the Arabah; and they passed over the Jordan, and went through all Bithron, and came to Mahanaim.
30And Joab returned from following Abner: and when he had gathered all the people together, there lacked of David’s servants nineteen men and Asahel.
31But the servants of David had smitten of Benjamin, and of Abner’s men, so that three hundred and threescore men died.
29And Abner and his men walked all that night through the plain, and passed over Jordan, and went through all Bithron, and they came to Mahanaim.
30And Joab returned from following Abner: and when he had gathered all the people together, there lacked of David’s servants nineteen men and Asahel.
31But the servants of David had smitten of Benjamin, and of Abner’s men, so that three hundred and threescore men died.
Commentary · verses 29-31
Joab, who led David's servants, lost twenty men. The Benjamites and Abner's men lost three hundred and sixty men. The contest and this battle was over, Joab beat Abner 360-20.
32And they took up Asahel, and buried him in the sepulchre of his father, which was in Beth-lehem. And Joab and his men went all night, and the day brake upon them at Hebron.
32And they took up Asahel, and buried him in the sepulchre of his father, which was in Beth–lehem. And Joab and his men went all night, and they came to Hebron at break of day.
David inquired of the Lord, twice. God sent David to Hebron which was located in the south of Judah. At this time, David was still in Ziklag, a territory of the Philistines.