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1 Samuel

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1 Samuel 24

1And it came to pass, when Saul was returned from following the Philistines, that it was told him, saying, Behold, David is in the wilderness of En-gedi.

2Then Saul took three thousand chosen men out of all Israel, and went to seek David and his men upon the rocks of the wild goats.

1And it came to pass, when Saul was returned from following the Philistines, that it was told him, saying, Behold, David is in the wilderness of En–gedi.

2Then Saul took three thousand chosen men out of all Israel, and went to seek David and his men upon the rocks of the wild goats.

Commentary · verses 1-2

Saul and 3,000 men sought out David in En-gedi.

3And he came to the sheepcotes by the way, where was a cave; and Saul went in to cover his feet. Now David and his men were abiding in the innermost parts of the cave.

3And he came to the sheepcotes by the way, where was a cave; and Saul went in to cover his feet: and David and his men remained in the sides of the cave.

Commentary · verse 3

Going in the cave to "cover his feet" meant Saul was going to "attend to his needs"....what we would call "going to the bathroom" today. Saul would have most likely went in the cave alone. It just so happened that David and his men were in this very cave.

4And the men of David said unto him, Behold, the day of which Jehovah said unto thee, Behold, I will deliver thine enemy into thy hand, and thou shalt do to him as it shall seem good unto thee. Then David arose, and cut off the skirt of Saul’s robe privily.

4And the men of David said unto him, Behold the day of which the LORD said unto thee, Behold, I will deliver thine enemy into thine hand, that thou mayest do to him as it shall seem good unto thee. Then David arose, and cut off the skirt of Saul’s robe privily.

Commentary · verse 4

David's men tried convincing him that this was the time to take out Justice on Saul. David cut off the "skirt of Saul's robe while he "covered his feet." The skirt was the corner, called the "wings," of the robe.

5And it came to pass afterward, that David’s heart smote him, because he had cut off Saul’s skirt.

6And he said unto his men, Jehovah forbid that I should do this thing unto my lord, Jehovah’s anointed, to put forth my hand against him, seeing he is Jehovah’s anointed.

5And it came to pass afterward, that David’s heart smote him, because he had cut off Saul’s skirt.

6And he said unto his men, The LORD forbid that I should do this thing unto my master, the LORD’s anointed, to stretch forth mine hand against him, seeing he is the anointed of the LORD.

Commentary · verses 5-6

David felt guilty for doing this because Saul, even though he was acting evil, was the Lord's anointed. David didn't want to take over the kingdom of his own accord. It would be God's responsibility to give the kingdom to David.

Commentary · verse 6

See Numbers 15:38 for a deeper explanation of what David did to Saul. Part of the symbolism was that David cut off Saul's protection from God. The corners of the robe were also the same part of the garment the woman with an issue of blood purposed in her heart to touch with regards to Jesus as recorded in Matthew 9:20.

7So David checked his men with these words, and suffered them not to rise against Saul. And Saul rose up out of the cave, and went on his way.

7So David stayed his servants with these words, and suffered them not to rise against Saul. But Saul rose up out of the cave, and went on his way.

Commentary · verse 7

Saul consistently tried convincing others to help him destroy David all while David convinced his men to "not rise against Saul."

8David also arose afterward, and went out of the cave, and cried after Saul, saying, My lord the king. And when Saul looked behind him, David bowed with his face to the earth, and did obeisance.

8David also arose afterward, and went out of the cave, and cried after Saul, saying, My lord the king. And when Saul looked behind him, David stooped with his face to the earth, and bowed himself.

Commentary · verse 8

David cried after Saul and bowed to him. Again, David was a man after God's own Heart, so once he felt guilt, he immediately confessed and repented.

9And David said to Saul, Wherefore hearkenest thou to men’s words, saying, Behold, David seeketh thy hurt?

10Behold, this day thine eyes have seen how that Jehovah had delivered thee to-day into my hand in the cave: and some bade me kill thee; but mine eye spared thee; and I said, I will not put forth my hand against my lord; for he is Jehovah’s anointed.

11Moreover, my father, see, yea, see the skirt of thy robe in my hand; for in that I cut off the skirt of thy robe, and killed thee not, know thou and see that there is neither evil nor transgression in my hand, and I have not sinned against thee, though thou huntest after my life to take it.

9And David said to Saul, Wherefore hearest thou men’s words, saying, Behold, David seeketh thy hurt?

10Behold, this day thine eyes have seen how that the LORD had delivered thee to day into mine hand in the cave: and some bade me kill thee: but mine eye spared thee; and I said, I will not put forth mine hand against my lord; for he is the LORD’s anointed.

11Moreover, my father, see, yea, see the skirt of thy robe in my hand: for in that I cut off the skirt of thy robe, and killed thee not, know thou and see that there is neither evil nor transgression in mine hand, and I have not sinned against thee; yet thou huntest my soul to take it.

Commentary · verses 9-11

David tried convincing Saul that he was not an enemy. Again, David did this by asking Saul questions focused on the causes.

12Jehovah judge between me and thee, and Jehovah avenge me of thee; but my hand shall not be upon thee.

13As saith the proverb of the ancients, Out of the wicked cometh forth wickedness; but my hand shall not be upon thee.

12The LORD judge between me and thee, and the LORD avenge me of thee: but mine hand shall not be upon thee.

13As saith the proverb of the ancients, Wickedness proceedeth from the wicked: but mine hand shall not be upon thee.

Commentary · verses 12-13

This "proverb" made the point that, if David was really as wicked as Saul thought, wickedness would have proceeded from his actions.

14After whom is the king of Israel come out? after whom dost thou pursue? after a dead dog, after a flea.

15Jehovah therefore be judge, and give sentence between me and thee, and see, and plead my cause, and deliver me out of thy hand.

14After whom is the king of Israel come out? after whom dost thou pursue? after a dead dog, after a flea.

15The LORD therefore be judge, and judge between me and thee, and see, and plead my cause, and deliver me out of thine hand.

Commentary · verses 14-15

David was humble and appealed to Justice. He stated that he would let God judge the situation.

16And it came to pass, when David had made an end of speaking these words unto Saul, that Saul said, Is this thy voice, my son David? And Saul lifted up his voice, and wept.

17And he said to David, Thou art more righteous than I; for thou hast rendered unto me good, whereas I have rendered unto thee evil.

16And it came to pass, when David had made an end of speaking these words unto Saul, that Saul said, Is this thy voice, my son David? And Saul lifted up his voice, and wept.

17And he said to David, Thou art more righteous than I: for thou hast rewarded me good, whereas I have rewarded thee evil.

Commentary · verses 16-17

Saul confessed that David was more righteous than him. Did Saul finally stop trying to kill David? Did Saul continue to act like Pharaoh?

18And thou hast declared this day how that thou hast dealt well with me, forasmuch as when Jehovah had delivered me up into thy hand, thou killedst me not.

19For if a man find his enemy, will he let him go well away? wherefore Jehovah reward thee good for that which thou hast done unto me this day.

20And now, behold, I know that thou shalt surely be king, and that the kingdom of Israel shall be established in thy hand.

21Swear now therefore unto me by Jehovah, that thou wilt not cut off my seed after me, and that thou wilt not destroy my name out of my father’s house.

22And David sware unto Saul. And Saul went home; but David and his men gat them up unto the stronghold.

18And thou hast shewed this day how that thou hast dealt well with me: forasmuch as when the LORD had delivered me into thine hand, thou killedst me not.

19For if a man find his enemy, will he let him go well away? wherefore the LORD reward thee good for that thou hast done unto me this day.

20And now, behold, I know well that thou shalt surely be king, and that the kingdom of Israel shall be established in thine hand.

21Swear now therefore unto me by the LORD, that thou wilt not cut off my seed after me, and that thou wilt not destroy my name out of my father’s house.

22And David sware unto Saul. And Saul went home; but David and his men gat them up unto the hold.

Commentary · verses 18-22

Saul admitted that David was on the right side of Justice. Saul knew that the kingdom would be established by David and asked David to swear that he would not cut off his seed. David swore.

Commentary · verse 22

1 Samuel 22-24 covered David and Jonathan's third Covenant, Saul's attempts to kill David and David's confession and repentance for cutting the corner of Saul's robe.

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