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1 Samuel

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1 Samuel 23

1And they told David, saying, Behold, the Philistines are fighting against Keilah, and are robbing the threshing-floors.

2Therefore David inquired of Jehovah, saying, Shall I go and smite these Philistines? And Jehovah said unto David, Go, and smite the Philistines, and save Keilah.

1Then they told David, saying, Behold, the Philistines fight against Keilah, and they rob the threshingfloors.

2Therefore David enquired of the LORD, saying, Shall I go and smite these Philistines? And the LORD said unto David, Go, and smite the Philistines, and save Keilah.

Commentary · verses 1-2

Before he took any action, David asked God if he should fight the Philistines. God said to go but to save the city of Keilah.

3And David’s men said unto him, Behold, we are afraid here in Judah: how much more then if we go to Keilah against the armies of the Philistines?

4Then David inquired of Jehovah yet again. And Jehovah answered him, and said, Arise, go down to Keilah; for I will deliver the Philistines into thy hand.

3And David’s men said unto him, Behold, we be afraid here in Judah: how much more then if we come to Keilah against the armies of the Philistines?

4Then David enquired of the LORD yet again. And the LORD answered him and said, Arise, go down to Keilah; for I will deliver the Philistines into thine hand.

Commentary · verses 3-4

David inquired of God again and God answered. God told David He would deliver the Philistines into his hand. Both of these inquiries were for the benefit of others: the people of Keilah.

5And David and his men went to Keilah, and fought with the Philistines, and brought away their cattle, and slew them with a great slaughter. So David saved the inhabitants of Keilah.

5So David and his men went to Keilah, and fought with the Philistines, and brought away their cattle, and smote them with a great slaughter. So David saved the inhabitants of Keilah.

Commentary · verse 5

God's Word returned profitable, the people of Keilah were saved.

6And it came to pass, when Abiathar the son of Ahimelech fled to David to Keilah, that he came down with an ephod in his hand.

7And it was told Saul that David was come to Keilah. And Saul said, God hath delivered him into my hand; for he is shut in, by entering into a town that hath gates and bars.

6And it came to pass, when Abiathar the son of Ahimelech fled to David to Keilah, that he came down with an ephod in his hand.

7And it was told Saul that David was come to Keilah. And Saul said, God hath delivered him into mine hand; for he is shut in, by entering into a town that hath gates and bars.

Commentary · verses 6-7

It could be that one of the reasons God helped David save Keilah was that now he had access to the safety of being behind the walls of a city.

8And Saul summoned all the people to war, to go down to Keilah, to besiege David and his men.

9And David knew that Saul was devising mischief against him; and he said to Abiathar the priest, Bring hither the ephod.

8And Saul called all the people together to war, to go down to Keilah, to besiege David and his men.

9And David knew that Saul secretly practised mischief against him; and he said to Abiathar the priest, Bring hither the ephod.

Commentary · verses 8-9

Saul sent an army to besiege David but David knew Saul was out to get him. The priest brought the ephod with him to David.

10Then said David, O Jehovah, the God of Israel, thy servant hath surely heard that Saul seeketh to come to Keilah, to destroy the city for my sake.

11Will the men of Keilah deliver me up into his hand? will Saul come down, as thy servant hath heard? O Jehovah, the God of Israel, I beseech thee, tell thy servant. And Jehovah said, He will come down.

12Then said David, Will the men of Keilah deliver up me and my men into the hand of Saul? And Jehovah said, They will deliver thee up.

10Then said David, O LORD God of Israel, thy servant hath certainly heard that Saul seeketh to come to Keilah, to destroy the city for my sake.

11Will the men of Keilah deliver me up into his hand? will Saul come down, as thy servant hath heard? O LORD God of Israel, I beseech thee, tell thy servant. And the LORD said, He will come down.

12Then said David, Will the men of Keilah deliver me and my men into the hand of Saul? And the LORD said, They will deliver thee up.

Commentary · verses 10-12

David inquired of God by wearing the ephod. David was given Keilah by God but now it seemed that he was trapped.

13Then David and his men, who were about six hundred, arose and departed out of Keilah, and went whithersoever they could go. And it was told Saul that David was escaped from Keilah; and he forbare to go forth.

14And David abode in the wilderness in the strongholds, and remained in the hill-country in the wilderness of Ziph. And Saul sought him every day, but God delivered him not into his hand.

13Then David and his men, which were about six hundred, arose and departed out of Keilah, and went whithersoever they could go. And it was told Saul that David was escaped from Keilah; and he forbare to go forth.

14And David abode in the wilderness in strong holds, and remained in a mountain in the wilderness of Ziph. And Saul sought him every day, but God delivered him not into his hand.

Commentary · verses 13-14

David and his men escaped Keilah and lived wherever they could find refuge. The wilderness of Ziph had a varied landscape that was hard to live in but did provide protection. Saul sought David everyday but God would not deliver him.

15And David saw that Saul was come out to seek his life: and David was in the wilderness of Ziph in the wood.

16And Jonathan, Saul’s son, arose, and went to David into the wood, and strengthened his hand in God.

15And David saw that Saul was come out to seek his life: and David was in the wilderness of Ziph in a wood.

16And Jonathan Saul’s son arose, and went to David into the wood, and strengthened his hand in God.

Commentary · verses 15-16

Again, Jonathan communicating with David was courageous of him. This would have put his own life at risk.

17And he said unto him, Fear not; for the hand of Saul my father shall not find thee; and thou shalt be king over Israel, and I shall be next unto thee; and that also Saul my father knoweth.

18And they two made a covenant before Jehovah: and David abode in the wood, and Jonathan went to his house.

17And he said unto him, Fear not: for the hand of Saul my father shall not find thee; and thou shalt be king over Israel, and I shall be next unto thee; and that also Saul my father knoweth.

18And they two made a covenant before the LORD: and David abode in the wood, and Jonathan went to his house.

Commentary · verses 17-18

Jonathan met with David. Jonathan knew that David would be the next king and not him...and Saul knew this as well. They made a third covenant: David would be king and Jonathan would "be next unto thee."

19Then came up the Ziphites to Saul to Gibeah, saying, Doth not David hide himself with us in the strongholds in the wood, in the hill of Hachilah, which is on the south of the desert?

20Now therefore, O king, come down, according to all the desire of thy soul to come down; and our part shall be to deliver him up into the king’s hand.

19Then came up the Ziphites to Saul to Gibeah, saying, Doth not David hide himself with us in strong holds in the wood, in the hill of Hachilah, which is on the south of Jeshimon?

20Now therefore, O king, come down according to all the desire of thy soul to come down; and our part shall be to deliver him into the king’s hand.

Commentary · verses 19-20

The Ziphites betrayed David.

21And Saul said, Blessed be ye of Jehovah; for ye have had compassion on me.

22Go, I pray you, make yet more sure, and know and see his place where his haunt is, and who hath seen him there; for it is told me that he dealeth very subtly.

23See therefore, and take knowledge of all the lurking-places where he hideth himself, and come ye again to me of a certainty, and I will go with you: and it shall come to pass, if he be in the land, that I will search him out among all the thousands of Judah.

21And Saul said, Blessed be ye of the LORD; for ye have compassion on me.

22Go, I pray you, prepare yet, and know and see his place where his haunt is, and who hath seen him there: for it is told me that he dealeth very subtilly.

23See therefore, and take knowledge of all the lurking places where he hideth himself, and come ye again to me with the certainty, and I will go with you: and it shall come to pass, if he be in the land, that I will search him out throughout all the thousands of Judah.

Commentary · verses 21-23

Psalm 54 expressed David's thoughts and feelings during this time. The title of that Psalm included the following statement, "when the Ziphites came and said to Saul, Doth not David hide himself with us?"

24And they arose, and went to Ziph before Saul: but David and his men were in the wilderness of Maon, in the Arabah on the south of the desert.

25And Saul and his men went to seek him. And they told David: wherefore he came down to the rock, and abode in the wilderness of Maon. And when Saul heard that, he pursued after David in the wilderness of Maon.

24And they arose, and went to Ziph before Saul: but David and his men were in the wilderness of Maon, in the plain on the south of Jeshimon.

25Saul also and his men went to seek him. And they told David: wherefore he came down into a rock, and abode in the wilderness of Maon. And when Saul heard that, he pursued after David in the wilderness of Maon.

Commentary · verses 24-25

The Ziphites told Saul where David hid. By the time Saul sought David in Ziph, David was in the wilderness of Maon.

26And Saul went on this side of the mountain, and David and his men on that side of the mountain: and David made haste to get away for fear of Saul; for Saul and his men compassed David and his men round about to take them.

27But there came a messenger unto Saul, saying, Haste thee, and come; for the Philistines have made a raid upon the land.

28So Saul returned from pursuing after David, and went against the Philistines: therefore they called that place Sela-hammahlekoth.

26And Saul went on this side of the mountain, and David and his men on that side of the mountain: and David made haste to get away for fear of Saul; for Saul and his men compassed David and his men round about to take them.

27But there came a messenger unto Saul, saying, Haste thee, and come; for the Philistines have invaded the land.

28Wherefore Saul returned from pursuing after David, and went against the Philistines: therefore they called that place Sela–hammahlekoth.

Commentary · verses 26-28

"Sela-hammahlekoth" meant "the cliff of escapes" or "the cliff of divisions." Saul had David surrounded but was called away to fight the Philistines.

29And David went up from thence, and dwelt in the strongholds of En-gedi.

29And David went up from thence, and dwelt in strong holds at En–gedi.

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