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1 Samuel

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1 Samuel 21

1Then came David to Nob to Ahimelech the priest: and Ahimelech came to meet David trembling, and said unto him, Why art thou alone, and no man with thee?

2And David said unto Ahimelech the priest, The king hath commanded me a business, and hath said unto me, Let no man know anything of the business whereabout I send thee, and what I have commanded thee: and I have appointed the young men to such and such a place.

1Then came David to Nob to Ahimelech the priest: and Ahimelech was afraid at the meeting of David, and said unto him, Why art thou alone, and no man with thee?

2And David said unto Ahimelech the priest, The king hath commanded me a business, and hath said unto me, Let no man know any thing of the business whereabout I send thee, and what I have commanded thee: and I have appointed my servants to such and such a place.

Commentary · verses 1-2

Right WHAT: David was by himself. Wrong WHY: the king sent me. Wrong HOW: secretly. This story was referenced by Jesus in Matthew 12:5. David deceived Ahimelech. In Matthew 12:4, Jesus stated that it was unlawful for David to eat of the showbread and it was also unlawful for "them that were with him" to eat the showbread. Notice, the narrator of this chapter didn't state David was alone, Ahimelech was the one who concluded that David was alone. However, David alluded to "young men" at the end of verse 2. It appeared David came to the priest by himself, while the rest of the men with David waited somewhere else.

3Now therefore what is under thy hand? give me five loaves of bread in my hand, or whatsoever there is present.

4And the priest answered David, and said, There is no common bread under my hand, but there is holy bread; if only the young men have kept themselves from women.

5And David answered the priest, and said unto him, Of a truth women have been kept from us about these three days; when I came out, the vessels of the young men were holy, though it was but a common journey; how much more then to-day shall their vessels be holy?

6So the priest gave him holy bread; for there was no bread there but the showbread, that was taken from before Jehovah, to put hot bread in the day when it was taken away.

3Now therefore what is under thine hand? give me five loaves of bread in mine hand, or what there is present.

4And the priest answered David, and said, There is no common bread under mine hand, but there is hallowed bread; if the young men have kept themselves at least from women.

5And David answered the priest, and said unto him, Of a truth women have been kept from us about these three days, since I came out, and the vessels of the young men are holy, and the bread is in a manner common, yea, though it were sanctified this day in the vessel.

6So the priest gave him hallowed bread: for there was no bread there but the shewbread, that was taken from before the LORD, to put hot bread in the day when it was taken away.

Commentary · verses 3-6

Here it looked like the priest thought men were with David and David answered that women had been kept from "us." David (and his men) ate the priest's showbread. The showbread in the tabernacle was always to be fresh. Ahimelech gave David the old showbread. However, this was still against the Law. Leviticus 24:9 stated this about the bread:

"And it shall be for Aaron and his sons; and they shall eat it in a holy place: for it is most holy unto him of the offerings of Jehovah made by fire by a perpetual statute."

Why was David not punished? Why was he eating the bread?

7Now a certain man of the servants of Saul was there that day, detained before Jehovah; and his name was Doeg the Edomite, the chiefest of the herdsmen that belonged to Saul.

7Now a certain man of the servants of Saul was there that day, detained before the LORD; and his name was Doeg, an Edomite, the chiefest of the herdmen that belonged to Saul.

Commentary · verse 7

A man of Edom, Saul's chiefest herdsman, was there while David interacted with Ahimelech. The Edomites came from Esau.

8And David said unto Ahimelech, And is there not here under thy hand spear or sword? for I have neither brought my sword nor my weapons with me, because the king’s business required haste.

9And the priest said, The sword of Goliath the Philistine, whom thou slewest in the vale of Elah, behold, it is here wrapped in a cloth behind the ephod: if thou wilt take that, take it; for there is no other save that here. And David said, There is none like that; give it me.

8And David said unto Ahimelech, And is there not here under thine hand spear or sword? for I have neither brought my sword nor my weapons with me, because the king’s business required haste.

9And the priest said, The sword of Goliath the Philistine, whom thou slewest in the valley of Elah, behold, it is here wrapped in a cloth behind the ephod: if thou wilt take that, take it: for there is no other save that here. And David said, There is none like that; give it me.

Commentary · verses 8-9

David took Goliath's sword.

10And David arose, and fled that day for fear of Saul, and went to Achish the king of Gath.

11And the servants of Achish said unto him, Is not this David the king of the land? did they not sing one to another of him in dances, saying, Saul hath slain his thousands, And David his ten thousands?

10And David arose, and fled that day for fear of Saul, and went to Achish the king of Gath.

11And the servants of Achish said unto him, Is not this David the king of the land? did they not sing one to another of him in dances, saying, Saul hath slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands?

Commentary · verses 10-11

David was in fear. He fled to the Philistines. Achish knew who David was because Goliath was from Gath.

12And David laid up these words in his heart, and was sore afraid of Achish the king of Gath.

13And he changed his behavior before them, and feigned himself mad in their hands, and scrabbled on the doors of the gate, and let his spittle fall down upon his beard.

12And David laid up these words in his heart, and was sore afraid of Achish the king of Gath.

13And he changed his behaviour before them, and feigned himself mad in their hands, and scrabbled on the doors of the gate, and let his spittle fall down upon his beard.

Commentary · verses 12-13

David was afraid of Achish, the king of Gath, so he acted crazy. Did the king notice David had Goliath's sword? Did David store it with the men who ate the showbread with him?

14Then said Achish unto his servants, Lo, ye see the man is mad; wherefore then have ye brought him to me?

15Do I lack madmen, that ye have brought this fellow to play the madman in my presence? shall this fellow come into my house?

14Then said Achish unto his servants, Lo, ye see the man is mad: wherefore then have ye brought him to me?

15Have I need of mad men, that ye have brought this fellow to play the mad man in my presence? shall this fellow come into my house?

Commentary · verses 14-15

David deceived Achish and his men. It seemed Achish believed he already had enough "mad men" in his presence.

Commentary · verse 15

1 Samuel 19-21 covered David's second Covenant with Jonathan, David leaving Israel, and David's acting in a deceptive manner towards Ahimelech and Achish.

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